Across
- 2. an economic ideology that emphasizes free markets, deregulation, and privatization, and that seeks to minimize the role of the state in the economy
- 4. the integration of the global economy through the expansion of trade, investment, and other economic linkages
- 11. a process of economic, social, and political change that leads to improvements in living standards and quality of life
- 14. a concept that emphasizes the expansion of human capabilities and opportunities, often measured by indicators such as health, education, and living standards
- 16. the regulation and coordination of global affairs, often by international organizations and networks
- 17. the process of shifting from one type of economic structure to another, often from agriculture to industry or services
- 18. an economic development strategy that relies on exports as the main source of growth, often through the development of specialized industries or sectors
- 19. the process of increasing interconnectedness, interdependence, and exchange between countries and regions, often facilitated by advances in communication, transportation, and technology
- 21. an economic development strategy that seeks to reduce reliance on imports by promoting domestic production, often through the use of tariffs, subsidies, or other protectionist measures
- 22. an increase in the capacity of an economy to produce goods and services, often measured by the increase in gross domestic product (GDP)
- 23. the outsourcing of jobs or activities to countries with lower labor costs or other advantages
- 25. a condition of economic, social, and political stagnation and backwardness, often characterized by low levels of industrialization and modernization
Down
- 1. the increasing interdependence and integration of national politics, often facilitated by international organizations and agreements
- 3. a concept that seeks to balance economic, social, and environmental goals, in order to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
- 5. the spread of ideas, values, and practices around the world, often facilitated by advances in communication and media
- 6. a development theory that suggests that countries can develop by adopting the technological, economic, and social practices of developed countries
- 7. a policy package implemented by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank to address balance of payments problems and other economic crises in developing countries
- 8. Development Goals (MDGs): a set of global development goals agreed upon by the United Nations in 2000, aimed at reducing poverty, disease, and other social ills by 2015
- 9. the difference in living standards and quality of life between developed and developing countries
- 10. large firms that operate in multiple countries, often with a global reach
- 12. countries or territories that offer low taxes and minimal regulation for financial transactions, often used for tax avoidance or money laundering
- 13. explanations for the differences in development levels between countries, often based on factors such as culture, geography, history, or institutions
- 15. a development theory that suggests that the global economy is divided into a core, periphery, and semi-periphery, with the core countries exploiting the periphery and semi-periphery countries for their labor and resources
- 20. a development theory that suggests that underdevelopment is caused by the economic and political relationships between developed and developing countries, in which developing countries are exploited and dependent on developed countries
- 24. a composite measure of human development, developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), that combines measures of health, education, and standard of living