Across
- 5. All the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study.
- 8. How nature selects traits that promote the perpetuation of one's genes.
- 10. Precise statements of the procedures used to define independent and dependent variables.
- 11. The method used by structuralists. Research subjects are asked to record their mental experiences as they complete mental tasks.
- 12. A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.
- 15. The procedure of assigning subjects to the experimental and control conditions by chance in order to minimize preexisting differences between the groups.
- 16. Father of American Psychology. Focused on FUNCTIONS of thoughts and feelings. Introduced school of Pragmatism.
- 22. How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures.
- 24. A research strategy in which a researcher directly manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) in order to observe their effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variables; experiments therefore make it possible to establish cause-and-effect relationships.
- 27. An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations.
- 28. An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind.
- 30. A medical practitioner specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness.
- 32. The false perception of a relationship between two events when none exists.
- 33. A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.
- 34. studies the mental processes of the mind, including perception, thinking, memory, and judgment.
- 35. Father of Psychology - he was the first to perform experiments and use a lab to try and scientifically document psychology. Used Introspection and structuralism (introduced school of Structuralism).
Down
- 1. Student of Wundt. Also big with Introspection, and also had ideas on structuralism.
- 2. How a subject acts.
- 3. The factor being manipulated and tested by the investigator.
- 4. Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.
- 6. Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.
- 7. How the body and brain create emotions, memories, and sensory experiences.
- 9. An integrated perspective that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis.
- 12. Is the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors.
- 13. Believed mind separable from body (dualism), further believing that the mind continues after death. He also viewed knowledge as built from within. Would say things were part of your genetics. Prescientific.
- 14. A testable prediction, often implied by a theory.
- 17. Belief that knowledge comes from experience via senses. Science flourishes from observations and experiments (Bacon)
- 18. The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. (Also known as the I-knew-it-all along phenomenon.)
- 19. Popularized by Sigmund Freud, focuses on understanding human behavior by examining the role of unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories.
- 20. Believed same things as his teacher, Socrates (Believed mind separable from body (dualism), further believing that the mind continues after death. He also viewed knowledge as built from within. Would say things were part of your genetics.) Prescientific.
- 21. A control procedure in which neither the experimenter nor the research subjects are aware of which condition is in effect. It is used to prevent experimenters' and subjects' expectations from influencing the results of an experiment.
- 23. Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances
- 25. Championed by John B. Watson, proposes that it is not possible to objectively study the mind, and psychological studies should be limited to studies of behavior alone.
- 26. A person trained to give guidance on personal, social, or psychological problems.
- 29. A statistical measure that indicates the extent to which two factors vary together and thus how well one factor can be predicted from the other. Correlations can be positive or negative.
- 31. The factor being measured by the investigator