Across
- 2. In‑depth study of one person or small group to reveal general principles.
- 4. Study of physical, cognitive, and social changes across the lifespan.
- 7. Technique for gathering self‑reported attitudes or behaviors from many people.
- 12. Extent to which findings apply to populations or settings beyond the sample.
- 15. Change caused by expectations about a treatment rather than the treatment itself.
- 17. Measure of how much scores vary around the mean.
- 22. Arithmetic average of a set of scores.
- 24. Chemical messengers that cross synapses between neurons.
- 25. Procedure where neither participants nor researchers know group assignments.
- 29. Choosing participants so every member of a population has equal selection chance.
- 32. Studying the mind by analyzing its basic components or structures.
- 35. Systematic process of forming hypotheses, collecting data, and drawing conclusions.
- 37. Debate over relative influence of genes and environment on behavior.
- 39. Inactive substance or treatment used for comparison in experiments.
- 40. Assigning participants to groups by chance to reduce preexisting differences.
- 43. Body’s “slow” chemical communication system using hormones in the bloodstream.
- 44. Organized set of principles that explains and predicts events or behaviors.
- 45. Objective analysis of evidence to form a reasoned judgment.
- 46. Brief electrical impulse that travels down an axon.
- 47. Participants who receive the treatment or manipulation.
- 48. Nerve cell that is the basic building block of the nervous system.
- 49. Approach emphasizing unconscious drives, conflicts, and early childhood experiences.
Down
- 1. Observing behavior in natural settings without interference.
- 2. Number from −1 to +1 expressing strength and direction of a correlation.
- 3. Numbers that summarize and describe characteristics of a data set.
- 5. Tendency to seek and remember information that confirms existing beliefs.
- 6. Tendency to believe after an outcome that one “knew it all along.”
- 8. Repeating a study to see if the original finding is reproduced.
- 9. Variable the researcher manipulates to examine its effect.
- 10. Perception of a relationship where none exists or is weaker than believed.
- 11. Quality of a theory being capable of being disproved by evidence.
- 13. Tendency to overestimate the accuracy of one’s knowledge and judgments.
- 14. Result unlikely to have occurred by chance alone.
- 16. Error from selecting a sample that does not represent the population.
- 18. Statistical measure describing how strongly two variables change together.
- 19. Factors or conditions that can change and be measured in research.
- 20. Participants who do not receive the treatment; provide comparison baseline.
- 21. Uncontrolled variables that may influence the dependent variable.
- 23. Most frequently occurring score in a distribution.
- 26. Body’s electrochemical communication network of neurons.
- 27. Precise statements of how variables are measured or manipulated.
- 28. Testable prediction often implied by a theory.
- 30. Middle score when data are ordered from lowest to highest.
- 31. Study of how natural selection shapes behavior and mental processes.
- 33. Variable that is measured to assess the impact of the manipulation.
- 34. Chemical messengers released by glands that travel through the blood.
- 36. Biologically programmed growth processes that unfold over time.
- 38. Research method that manipulates variables to determine cause and effect.
- 41. Symmetrical bell‑shaped distribution where most scores cluster around the mean.
- 42. Studying how mental processes and behavior function to help organisms adapt.