Across
- 4. An increase in a cell's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation
- 6. estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory
- 12. a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe
- 13. our tendency to recall best the last and first items on a list
- 15. a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a problem
- 16. beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly in two-word statements
- 18. in a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit
- 23. in cognition, the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an obstacle to problem solving
- 24. in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others
- 25. The idea that cues and contexts specific to a particular memory will be most effective in helping us recall it
- 26. The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory
- 27. A neural center located in the limbic system
- 31. an effortless, immediate automatic feeling or thought as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning
- 32. in a language the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or part of a word
- 37. an inability to form new memories
- 39. impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area or to Wernicke's area
- 41. occurs when misleading information has distorted one's memory of an event
- 42. beginning around 4 months, in the stage of speech development in which an infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language
- 44. The neural storage of a long-term memory
- 45. narrowing the available problem solution to determine the single best solution
- 46. an inability to retrieve information from ones past
Down
- 1. the strong form of Whorf's hypothesis-- that language controls the way we think and interpret the world around us
- 2. the backward-acting disruptive effect of newer learning on the recall of old information
- 3. the stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words
- 5. expanding the number of possible problem solutions
- 7. the way an issue is posed; how an issue is worded can significantly affect decisions and judgments
- 8. clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
- 9. early speech stage i which a child speaks like a telegram using mostly nouns and verbs
- 10. in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories
- 11. helps control language expression-- an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech
- 14. the weaker form of "linguistic relativity"-- the idea that language affects thought
- 17. a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past
- 19. estimating the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore relevant information
- 20. the ability to produce new and available ideas
- 21. a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence
- 22. a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently
- 28. the forward-acting disruptive effect of older learning on the recall of new information
- 29. faulty memory for how, when, or where information was learned or imagined
- 30. our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning
- 33. Explicit memory of personally experienced events
- 34. the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one current good or bad mood
- 35. A clear, sustained memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
- 36. a process in which previously stored memories, when retrieved, are potentially altered before being stored again
- 38. Explicit memory of facts and general knowledge
- 40. the tendency to be more confident than correct-- to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments
- 43. a sudden realiztion of a problems solution