Across
- 2. the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles(also called the skeletal nervous system,)
- 5. the endocrine system's most influential gland. under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates the growth ad controls other endocrine glands
- 9. a series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice of the brains structure
- 10. a level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
- 12. the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing
- 16. a neural center located in the limbic system; helps process for storage explicit memories of facts and events
- 19. a pair of endocrine glands that sit above the kidneys and secrete hormones(epinephrine) that help arouse the body in times of stress
- 20. a nerve network that travels through the brainstem into the thalamus and plays an important role in controlling arousal
- 23. the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body
- 25. technique for revealing bloodflow and, therefore, brain activity by comparing successive mri scans. shows brain function as well as structure
- 26. a fatty tissue layer segmentally encasing the axons of some neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed as neural impulses hop from one node to the next
- 27. a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue, shows brain anatomy
- 30. neurons within the brain and spinal cord; they communicate internally and process information between the sensory inputs and motor outputs
- 32. the part of a neuron that contains the neucleus; the cell's life support center
- 34. the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron
- 36. the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; responsible for automatic survival functions
- 41. a brain imaging technique that measures magnetic fields from the brains natural electrical activity
- 42. a neurons reaction of either firing or not firing
- 43. a brief resting pause after a neuron has fired; subsequent action potentials cannot occur until the axon returned to its resting state
- 44. the body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
- 48. a visual display of the brains activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task
- 49. the body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of a peripheral and central nervous systems
- 50. bundled axons that form neural cables connecting the central nervous system with the muscles, glands, and sense organs
Down
- 1. neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives(includes amygdala, hypothalamus, and hippocampus)
- 3. (efferent) neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and the spinal cord to the muscles and glands
- 4. chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between the neurons
- 6. the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy
- 7. a neurotransmitter that enables muscle action, learning, and memory
- 8. a neurotransmitters reabsorption by the sending neuron
- 11. the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs(ex.heart)
- 13. a neural impulse; brief electrical charge that travels down the axon
- 14. two lima-bean-sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion
- 15. the "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input, coordinating movement output and balance, and enabling nonverbal learning and memory
- 17. the brains sensory control center, located on the top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
- 18. "morphine within"- natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
- 21. the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing the energy
- 22. a neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities, helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, linked to reward and emotion
- 24. a neurotransmitter that affects mood, hunger, sleep, and emotion
- 28. the brain and spinal cord
- 29. chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues
- 31. a sample, autonomic response to a sensory stimulis, such as the knee-jerk response
- 33. a neurotransmitter that influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion
- 35. an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity sweeping across the brains surface, measured by placing electrodes on the scalp
- 37. a molecule that increases a nueroransmitters action
- 38. the neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles or glands
- 39. (afferent) neurons that carry incoming information from the body's tissues and sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord
- 40. branching extensions that receive and integrate messages, conducting impulses towards the cell body
- 45. cell in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons; they also play a role in learning, thinking, and memory
- 46. a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
- 47. a molecule that inhibits or blocks a neurotransmitters action