Across
- 3. Challenged the popular idea that all associations can be learned equally well. He did an experiment in which he exposed rats to a particular taste and then to a drug that would make them nauseous.
- 6. Did research on misinformation effect (including misleading information into one’s memory of an event) and the reliability of eyewitness memory.
- 7. Believed that we are born with a built-in readiness to learn the grammar rules of language.
- 9. The creator of rational-emotive behavior therapy.
- 11. Psychologist who thought of the cognitive dissonance theory- the theory that we act to reduce discomfort between two conflicting thoughts.
- 13. Psychologist who pretended to have a psychiatric disorder to gain admission into psychiatric hospitals.
- 14. Developed therapy for depression using a gentler version of rational-emotive behavior therapy.
- 16. Developed the theory of three intelligences: analytical, creative and practical.
- 17. Psychologist that agreed with Jung about the importance of childhood, but believed that social, and not sexual, tensions are important for personality formation.
- 19. Thought of the three parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian and permissive.
- 20. Along with Lange, formed a theory of emotion that describes how emotion is our awareness of a specific bodily response to emotion-arousing stimuli.
- 21. He found that people who feel helpless and oppressed view control as external, which deepens their feelings of resignation (learned helplessness).
- 24. Came up with the idea of multiple intelligences- splitting our abilities into 8 different categories including: interpersonal, naturalist, linguistic, logical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic and intrapersonal.
Down
- 1. Did a lot of research on classical conditioning, including his most famous: introducing a neutral stimulus (a tone) before an unconditioned stimulus (food).
- 2. Feminist and psychologist who famously criticized Kohlberg’s moral development theory.
- 4. Developed levels of moral thinking, including: pre-conventional, conventional and post-conventional morality.
- 5. Did research about divided consciousness. Humans have multiple controls in thought and action.
- 8. Cognitive psychologist famous for work on decision making and judgement. He did an experiment on pain by telling people to immerse their hand in cold water for 60 seconds.
- 10. Did experiments to study conformity (adjusting behavior to fit a group standard).
- 12. Psychologist famous for the spacing effect- distributed study yields better long-term retention.
- 15. Came up with the idea that human emotions and behaviors, though biologically influenced, are mostly due to conditioned responses.
- 18. Did a lot of research on facial expressions.
- 22. Studied how people would respond to commands that were given to them. He did experiments on obedience.
- 23. Did a lot of research on the development of infants. In one experiment, he measured infants’ distress over separation from parents.