Across
- 5. conversion of one form of energy into another
- 6. diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant
- 7. determines 'pitch' (highness or lowness)
- 8. The clear tissue that covers the front of the eye
- 9. a failure to perceive objects that are not the focus of attention
- 11. threshold The minimum amount of difference that can be detected between two stimuli
- 14. the controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input; includes telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition
- 15. a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another
- 16. the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time
- 22. the sense or act of hearing
- 23. the sensation of flavor perceived in the mouth and throat on contact with a substance.
- 24. determines loudness
- 27. the principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage (rather than a constant amount)
- 30. the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. The "gate" is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by activity in larger fibers or by information coming from the brain.
- 31. failing to notice changes in the environment
- 32. the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated
- 36. sense of smell
- 38. the innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs
- 39. the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups
- 41. a binocular cue for perceiving depth
- 42. In the retina, the specialized neurons that connect to the bipolar cells; the bundled axons of the ganglion cells form the optic nerve.
Down
- 1. the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance
- 2. the height of a wave's crest
- 3. early German psychologist credited with founding psychophysics
- 4. theory regarding how stimuli are detected under different conditions
- 10. The part of the ear that collects sound waves; consists of the pinna, the ear canal, and the eardrum.
- 12. an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage
- 13. analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information
- 17. perception; identified just-noticeable-difference (JND) that eventually becomes Weber's law
- 18. relating to the sense of smell
- 19. information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations
- 20. brief auditory or visual messages that are presented below the absolute threshold
- 21. high frequency (bluish colors, high-pitched sounds)
- 25. a device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea
- 26. the organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground).
- 28. the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously
- 29. Which type of photoreceptor cell is specialized for color vision? Which type is specialized for low-light conditions?
- 33. processing receptor rods and cones -> bipolar cells -> ganglion cells
- 34. the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
- 35. the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window
- 37. in hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch
- 40. Light sensitive layer of the eye; contains rods and cones