Across
- 7. Social and cultural movements in the United States before the Civil War aimed at addressing various issues, including temperance, women's rights, education, and abolition.
- 10. Laws passed by Southern states after the Civil War to restrict the rights and freedoms of African Americans
- 12. The granting of voting rights, especially to marginalized or disenfranchised groups.
- 13. A system of agricultural labor prevalent in the South after the Civil War, in which landless farmers, often African Americans, rented land and equipment from landowners in exchange for a share of the crop.
- 15. The period of rebuilding and political reform in the former Confederate states after the Civil War
- 16. The treaty signed in 1848 that ended the Mexican-American War
- 17. The first African American to serve a full term in the U.S. Senate, representing Mississippi from 1875 to 1881 during the Reconstruction era.
- 18. An amendment to the United States Constitution ratified in 1865 that abolished slavery throughout the country
- 20. A proposed amendment to a congressional appropriations bill in 1846 that sought to prohibit slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico during the Mexican-American War
Down
- 1. A law passed in 1862 that provided 160 acres of public land to settlers willing to live on and cultivate the land for five years, encouraging westward expansion and settlement.
- 2. An abolitionist who led a raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia), in 1859 in an attempt to incite a slave rebellion
- 3. Native American communities in the Southwestern United States, particularly in present-day New Mexico, who faced challenges and conflicts with Spanish colonizers and later American settlers.
- 4. An underwater telegraph cable laid across the Atlantic Ocean, enabling telegraphic communication between North America and Europe.
- 5. A crucial battle fought in July 1863 in Pennsylvania during the Civil War, resulting in a Union victory and serving as a turning point in the conflict.
- 6. A period of violent conflict in Kansas Territory from 1854 to 1859 over the issue of slavery, as pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers clashed in a struggle to influence the territory's future.
- 8. During the Civil War President Lincoln suspended this legal principle that protects individuals from unlawful detention, requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court
- 9. A federal fort in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, where the first shots of the Civil War were fired on April 12, 1861
- 11. The withdrawal of Southern states from the Union in response to Abraham Lincoln's election as president in 1860 and the perceived threat to the institution of slavery
- 14. A communication device that transmits messages over long distances using electrical signals.
- 16. The mass migration of people to California in search of gold, which began in 1848 after the discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill, leading to rapid population growth and economic development in the region.
- 19. Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, who faced persecution and eventually migrated westward to settle in Utah under the leadership of Brigham Young.