Across
- 3. Latin American independence movements led by Simón Bolívar against Spain (creole led, excluded lower classes).
- 8. Philosopher who advocated natural rights and the right to overthrow a government if natural rights are infringed.
- 9. Intellectual movement emphasizing reason, science, and individualism over tradition and faith, inspired by humanism and the Scientific Revolution.
- 10. Movement to end slavery/serfdom (
- 11. Pragmatic politics (e.g., Bismarck’s wars for unification).
- 12. Private ownership of production for profit, minimal government interference (laissez faire).
- 18. leader of German Unification
- 19. Theory (Locke, Hobbes) that governments derive power from the consent of the governed to protect rights; failure justifies overthrow.
- 25. Centralized production with machines (steam engines), division of labor, and harsh conditions.
- 26. Invention of Watt that powered factories/ships; freed industry from waterways.
- 27. Utopian socialist who established worker communes and education reforms.
- 29. Wrote Declaration of the Rights of Woman
- 30. Jewish nationalist movement for a homeland
- 31. Overthrew monarchy; phases: Estates General, Reign of Terror, Napoleon’s rise.
Down
- 1. Japanese family conglomerates driving industrialization through private investments
- 2. Public ownership of property
- 4. Loyalty to a shared culture/language, fueling unification (Germany, Italy) and independence (Balkans).
- 5. Colonial revolt inspired by Locke’s ideas; produced the Declaration of Independence.
- 6. Rights (life, liberty, property/happiness) inherent to all humans, as argued by John Locke.
- 7. Advocacy for women’s rights/equality
- 13. Innovations that increased food supply, enabling urbanization.
- 14. Argued for a strong monarchy to prevent chaos
- 15. the type of Industrialization that Japan underwent.
- 16. Early feminist arguing for women’s education.
- 17. Leader of Italian Unification
- 20. Pre-factory home based production.
- 21. Slave revolt led by Toussaint L’Ouverture; first Black led independent nation.
- 22. Method to mass produce steel, vital for railroads/machinery.
- 23. Multi thread textile machine invented by Hargreaves.
- 24. Economist who promoted capitalism and laissez faire in The Wealth of Nations.
- 28. Failed Ottoman policy to unify ethnic groups under a single identity
