Across
- 2. A Zedong-compelled revolt aimed at destroying the four olds (old customs, old habits, old ideas, and old culture) by persecuting authority and destroying pre-Communist art and literature, primarily driven by revolutionary Chinese youth
- 5. Stalin’s public trials and executions of personal and public enemies, largely driven by paranoia and forced confessions, and the sending of millions of people to labor camps called gulags
- 8. leader of the Muslim League; originally supported religious coexistence but eventually advocated for the formation of Pakistan
- 12. “openness” Soviet political reform that loosened restrictions of free speech and self-expression
- 13. (also known as homelands) exclusively Black living areas, designated by white South African government, that were small and impoverished with limited education and opportunities
- 17. Former Chinese leader who implemented economic reforms that selectively borrowed from capitalism, such as foreign investment in Chinese enterprises, as well as social reforms, such as the one-child policy
- 18. Hindu principle focusing on the search for and empowerment of truth
- 20. Mid-19th century Communist dictators, who originally cooperated with one another but became enemies near the end of Communism’s height
- 21. A period of agricultural boom due to increased research and agricultural technology like pesticides and genetically modified food. Led to large industrial farms, water pollution and drought, and environmental degradation
- 22. The lowest social class in India’s caste system, typically working cleaning jobs. Known as “untouchables”
- 24. Communist economic reforms implementing a focus on the development of heavy machinery and production
- 25. A Hindu-majority nationalist party advocating Indian rights to the British, later pushed for independence
Down
- 1. a grassroots movement against apartheid, organized through university campuses, that began after the ANC was banned during the fight against apartheid
- 3. A Chinese five-year plan enacted by Mao Zedong encouraged individual-based steel production wit the intent of improving inequalities in production and creasing national steel output
- 4. Indian nationalist who founded and led the nonviolent resistance movement (based on the principles of Ahimsa, doing no injury toward others, and Satyagraha)
- 6. Soviet Women's committee focused on facilitating the political and economic involvement of women, dissolved in 1930
- 7. A Chinese act protecting a variety of rights; including love-based marriage, remarriage of widows, and gender equality, while also prohibiting previously upheld practices such as child marriage and concubinage
- 8. The last leader of the Soviet Union, who implemented some progressive reforms such as perestroika and glasnost
- 9. A leader of the fight against apartheid, he utilized nonviolent resistance but unlike Gandhi and MLK, he eventually allowed violence. He was the first South African president
- 10. requirement for Black South Africans to hold passports to travel between government homelands and the cities, contained personal information like employment
- 11. (ANC) South African political party that fought against apartheid and currently governs the nation
- 14. Islamic representative party within India that advocated for a separated homeland for Muslims
- 15. A Zulu-majority political party that fought against apartheid, but occasionally compromised and world with the oppressive government
- 16. South African cultural group primarily decided from white Dutch settlers“pass laws”
- 19. Communist agricultural reforms involving the communal ownership of and labor on centralizing farms called “people’s communes”
- 23. “restructuring” Soviet economic and governmental reform that included the legalization of forming local committees, elections with non-Communist candidates (though communism still dominated elections), the decentralization of some businesses, and the encouragement of self-financing