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2. The transition from nomadic life to settled farming.
4. The earliest known form of writing, developed by the Sumerians.
5. A large political unit or state, usually under a single leader, controlling many peoples or territories.
6. The exchange of goods between people.
7. A large, pyramid-shaped temple in ancient Mesopotamia.
9. The social system in Hinduism in which a person's place in society is determined by their birth.
11. An ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds.
14. A system of writing used in ancient Mesopotamia, composed of wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets.
17. The system of government in which a king or queen rules.
18. The ancient Chinese belief that a ruler's power was bestowed by the gods.
21. The ruler of ancient Egypt.
22. The belief in many gods.
25. Farming, including cultivation of the soil for growing crops.
27. The exchange of goods and services without using money.
28. The seasonal wind of the Indian Ocean and southern Asia.
29. The period before written records.
30. A political unit consisting of a city and its surrounding countryside.

1. The belief that the right to rule comes directly from God.
3. A system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials.
8. The study of past human life and culture by the recovery and examination of remaining material evidence.
10. A major center of commerce and culture, often the capital of an ancient civilization.
12. The spreading of cultural traits from one society or place to another.
13. The first known written code of laws, from ancient Babylon.
15. The scattering of people who have a common background or beliefs.
16. The belief in a single, all-powerful god.
19. A series of rulers from the same family.
20. The ancient trade route that linked China with the Roman Empire.
23. A government controlled by religious leaders.
24. The taming of animals for human use.
26. A Chinese philosophy that emphasizes strict obedience to laws.