APCSP Big Idea 2 Vocabulary

3. A process for reducing the number of bits needed to represent something without losing any information. This process is reversible.
5. A 7-bit character-encoding standard that assigns a numeric value to each letter, number, and symbol (128 characters total).
6. A color model that creates colors on digital displays by combining varying amounts of red, green, and blue light.
8. A base-10 number system using the digits 0–9; the number system people use in everyday life.
12. Managing complexity by giving a collection of data (or a process) a name without needing to reference the specific details of how its represented.
15. A contraction of Binary Digit; the single unit of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1.
16. The individual measurements taken at regular intervals when converting analog data into a digital representation.
17. A character-encoding standard that extends ASCII to represent characters from virtually every written language, including emoji.
20. Data represented using a finite set of discrete values, typically as binary 0s and 1s.
21. A single digit in the base-2 (binary) number system, which uses only 0 and 1; each position represents a power of 2, unlike decimal, where each position represents a power of 10.
24. Selecting a smaller subset of a data set based on specific criteria, such as keeping or removing certain rows.
25. The collection of facts and patterns extracted from data.

1. The smallest unit of color in a digital image; images are made of grids of pixels, each with its own color value.
2. A relationship between two variables in which a change in one is associated with a change in the other (correlation does not imply causation).
4. A process for creating a digital representation of analog data by measuring the analog data at regular intervals called samples.
7. A collection of related data values that is organized so it can be processed and analyzed.
9. A process that makes data uniform without changing its meaning (e.g., replacing all equivalent abbreviations, spellings, and capitalizations with the same word).
10. Information represented in a form usable by a computer, such as numbers, text, or symbols.
11. Data with values that change smoothly and continuously over time, such as sound, temperature, or position.
13. A base-16 number system using the digits 0–9 and letters A–F, often used to represent binary values more compactly.
14. A process for reducing the number of bits needed to represent something in which some information is lost or thrown away. This process is not reversible.
18. 8 bits.
19. The process of reducing the number of bits needed to represent information.
22. An error that occurs when a number is too precise to be represented exactly, so the computer rounds it.
23. Data about data.