Across
- 1. NOT, AND, and OR, which evaluate to a Boolean value
- 4. a search algorithm that starts at the middle of a sorted set of numbers and removes half of the data; this process repeats until the desired value is found or all elements have been eliminated
- 6. deciding which steps to do next
- 9. an ordered sequence of characters
- 12. about an individual that identifies, links, relates, or describes them
- 16. software intended to damage a computing system or to take partial control over its operation
- 17. the process of accessing each item in a list one at a time
- 21. a model in which programs are run by multiple devices
- 23. a common method for referencing the elements in a list or string using numbers
- 28. a relationship between two pieces of data, typically referring to the amount that one varies in relation to the other.
- 29. data that does not accurately reflect the full population or phenomenon being studied
- 33. a named group of programming instructions. Also referred to as a “procedure”.
- 37. a combination of operators and values that evaluates to a single value
- 38. a search algorithm which checks each element of a list, in order, until the desired value is found or all elements in the list have been checked
- 40. a general description of a task that can (or cannot) be solved with an algorithm
- 43. data about data
- 44. provides a "good enough" solution to a problem when an actual solution is impractical or impossible
- 46. a measure of how many steps are needed to complete an algorithm
- 47. a repetitive portion of an algorithm which repeats a specified number of times or until a given condition is met
- 50. a process that reverses encryption, taking a secret message and reproducing the original plain text
- 51. an individual value in a list that is assigned a unique index
- 52. <, >, <=, >=, ==, != indicate a Boolean expression
- 53. allows a program to change the value represented by a variable
- 54. includes a program as an integral part of its function. Can be physical (e.g. self-driving car), non-physical computing software (e.g. picture editing software), or non-physical computing concepts (e.g., e-commerce).
- 55. a process that makes the data uniform without changing its meaning (e.g., replacing all equivalent abbreviations, spellings, and capitalizations with the same word).
Down
- 2. a problem with the goal of finding the "best" solution among many (e.g., what is the shortest path from A to B?)
- 3. affects the sequential flow of control by executing different statements based on the value of a Boolean expression
- 5. a repetitive portion of an algorithm which repeats a specified number of times or until a given condition is met
- 7. a finite set of instructions that accomplish a task
- 8. a model in which programs run in order, one command at a time
- 9. the time used to complete a task sequentially divided by the time to complete a task in parallel
- 10. the collection of facts and patterns extracted from data
- 11. the use of a program to record every keystroke made by a computer user in order to gain fraudulent access to passwords and other confidential information
- 13. a system that requires at least two steps to unlock protected information; each step adds a new layer of security that must be broken to gain unauthorized access
- 14. a problem with a yes/no answer (e.g., is there a path from A to B?)
- 15. the collection of facts and patterns extracted from data
- 18. a model in which programs are broken into small pieces, some of which are run simultaneously
- 19. an ordered collection of elements
- 20. a problem for which no algorithm can be constructed that is always capable of providing a correct yes-or-no answer
- 22. involves one key for both encryption and decryption
- 24. protects a computing system against infection
- 25. occurs when the ending condition will never evaluate to true
- 26. the practice of obtaining input or information from a large number of people via the Internet
- 27. choosing a smaller subset of a data set to use for analysis, for example by eliminating / keeping only certain rows in a table
- 30. a wireless access point that gives unauthorized access to secure networks
- 31. pairs a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. The sender does not need the receiver’s private key to encrypt a message, but the receiver’s private key is required to decrypt the message
- 32. a data type that is either true or false
- 34. Algorithms with exponential or factorial efficiencies are examples of algorithms that run in an unreasonable amount of time
- 35. a named reference to a value that can be used repeatedly throughout a program
- 36. Algorithms with a polynomial efficiency or lower (constant, linear, square, cube, etc.) are said to run in a reasonable amount of time
- 39. scientific research conducted in whole or part by distributed individuals, many of whom may not be scientists, who contribute relevant data to research using their own computing devices.
- 41. a technique that attempts to trick a user into providing personal information. That personal information can then be used to access sensitive online resources, such as bank accounts and emails
- 42. manage complexity in programs by giving a collection of data a name without referencing the specific details of the representation
- 45. a process of encoding messages to keep them secret, so only "authorized" parties can read it
- 48. a command that executes the code within a function
- 49. putting steps in an order