Across
- 3. excessive pumping near coast lowers water table pressure, allowing saltwater to seep into groundwater
- 7. ____ aquifers are surrounded by layer of impermeable rock, longer-term water deposits that recharge more slowly because water flow is impeded
- 9. Increased use of tractors for plowing and tilling fields, and combines for harvesting
- 12. Drawing water from the ground or nearby waters and distributing it on fields to increase plant growth
- 16. Table The uppermost level at which groundwater in area fully saturates the rock or soil
- 18. Plowing parallel to natural slopes of the land instead of down slopes prevents water runoff & soil erosion
- 20. Type of irrigation that uses trenches, is least efficient
- 24. ___ crops are Hybrid, or genetically modified crops that produce a higher yield
- 25. Shift in agriculture in the twentieth century that applies techniques of mechanization, irrigation, GMOs, etc
- 27. Type of irrigation that is most efficient but expensive
- 28. ___/agroforestry is Using trees or other plants to block the force of the wind from eroding topsoil
- 31. Cutting flat “platforms” of soil into a steep slope, catches water & prevents it from becoming runoff and eroding soil
- 32. A type of pesticide that is more selective and only kills specific things
- 34. a man-made and chemically formed substance to replace nutrients lost from soil degradation
Down
- 1. leftover plant matter from a cover crop - a crop planted in the offseason, between harvest & replanting of main crop
- 2. ___ aquifers are porous rock covered by soil- recharges quickly, get contaminated easily
- 4. Type of irrigation that is easy but can drown roots and is 80% efficient
- 5. Mixing and breaking up soil to make planting easier by plows, stirring, digging, cultivating
- 6. ___ crops live year round and are harvested numerous times (instead of “annuals” which need to replanted each year, usually requiring tilling)
- 8. Type of irrigation that is 75-94% efficient but costs money to pump water through nozzles
- 10. ____ well is a well created by drilling a hole into a confined aquifer which releases pressure and water bursts to the surface
- 11. overwatering the soil causes this, filling all pore spaces with water and no oxygen
- 13. the process of salt concentration building up in a soil over time
- 14. permeable layers of rock and sediment underneath the soil that have pore spaces that store groundwater
- 15. A type of pesticide that kills many different types of things
- 17. the idea that as output increases, the average cost of production falls
- 19. A crop with genes inserted into the genome using bacterial DNA for desired characteristics
- 21. the ___ aquifer is a famous aquifer that is In Great Plains - supplies 8 states with freshwater, is being depleted
- 22. chemicals sprayed on crops that kill weeds, insects, rodents, fungi
- 23. ___ agriculture is Cutting down vegetation and burning it to clear land for agriculture & return nutrients in plants to soil
- 26. forms when water table is lowered by excessive pumping, depleting water & drying nearby wells
- 29. planting different crops each year/season to conserve nutrients
- 30. a type of rock that can be crushed up and added to the soil to add back calcium and magnesium to alleviate acidity
- 33. ___% of global human water use is for agriculture (irrigation)