Across
- 6. accumulation of salts in soil that can eventually make the soil unable to support plant growth
- 8. using risk assessment and other information to determine options and make decisions about reducing or eliminating risks
- 11. alley cropping: planting trees and crops together
- 12. growing and harvesting of fish and shellfish for human use in freshwater ponds, irrigation ditches, and lakes, or in cages or fenced-in areas of coastal lagoons and estuaries
- 14. diet so high in calories, saturated (animal) fats, salt, sugar, and processed foods and so low in vegetables and fruits that the consumer runs a high risk of developing diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and other health hazards
- 15. using large inputs of energy from fossil fuels (especially oil and natural gas), water, fertilizer, and pesticides to produce large quantities of crops and livestock for domestic and foreign sale
- 16. chemical that adversely affects the health of a living human or animal by causing injury, illness, or death
- 17. any chemical designed to kill or inhibit the growth of an organism that people consider undesirable
- 22. increase in concentration of DDT, PCBs, and other slowly degradable, fat-soluble chemicals in organisms at successively higher trophic levels of a food chain or web
- 24. a large area of cropland in the midwestern United States that had to be abandoned because of severe soil erosion caused by a combination of poor cultivation practices and prolonged drought
- 26. process of gathering data and making assumptions to estimate short-and long-term harmful effects on human health or the environment from exposure to hazards associated with the use of a particular product or technology
- 28. median lethal dose; amount of toxic material per unit of body weight of test animals that kills half the test population in a certain time
- 29. row of trees or hedges planted to partially block wind flow and reduce soil erosion on cultivated land
- 33. the resulting type & amount of damage to health - acute or chronic
- 34. increase in the concentration of a chemical in specific organs or tissues at a level higher than would normally be expected
- 35. probability that something undesirable will result from deliberate or accidental exposure to a hazard
- 38. complex form of intercropping in which a large number of different plants that mature at different times are planted together
- 39. an immediate or rapid harmful reaction to an exposure ranging from dizziness to death; characterized by sudden and severe exposure and rapid absorption of the substance. Normally, a single large exposure is involved
- 43. popular term for the introduction of scientifically bred or selected varieties of grain (rice, wheat, maize) that, with adequate inputs of fertilizer and water, can greatly increase crop yields
- 46. consuming insufficient food to meet one's minimum daily energy needs for a long enough time to cause harmful effects
- 47. planting crops on a long, steep slope that has been converted into a series of broad, nearly level terraces with short vertical drops from one to another that run along the contour of the land to retain water and reduce soil erosion
- 49. Widespread malnutrition and starvation in a particular area because of a shortage of food, usually caused by drought, war, flood, earthquake, or other catastrophic events that distribute food production and distribution
- 51. Unwanted organism that directly or indirectly interferes with human activities
- 53. production of enough crops or livestock for a farm family's survival and, in good yeas, a surplus to sell or put aside for hard times
- 54. planting regular crops and close-growing plants, such as hay or nitrogen-fixing legumes, in alternating rows or bands to help reduce depletion of soil nutrients
Down
- 1. chemical or form of radiation that causes inheritable changes (mutations) in the DNA molecules in genes
- 2. Genetically modified rice that produces edible beta-carotene, which the body can turn into vitamin A
- 3. the organism that causes malaria
- 4. Concentration of particular aquatic species suitable for commercial harvesting in a given ocean area or inland body of water
- 5. Form of agriculture in which farmers grow plants by exposing their roots to a nutrient-rich water solution instead of soil
- 7. faulty nutrition, caused by a diet that does not supply an individual with enough protein, essential fats, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients needed for good health
- 9. conversion of rangeland, rain-fed cropland, or irrigated cropland to desert-like land, with a drop in agricultural productivity of 10% or more; it usually is caused by a combination of overgrazing, soil erosion, prolonged drought, and climate change
- 10. Organic material such as animal manure, green manure, and compost applied to cropland as a source of plant nutrients
- 13. cultivation of a single crop, usually on a large area of land
- 18. production of enough food for a farm family's survival and perhaps a surplus that can be sold; this type of agriculture uses higher inputs of labor, fertilizer, and water than traditional subsistence agriculture
- 19. the amount of a potentially harmful substance that is ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin
- 20. growing two or more different crops at the same time on a plot; for example, a carbohydrate-rich grain that depletes soil nitrogen and a protein-rich legume that adds nitrogen to the soil may be intercropped
- 21. Complex form of intercropping in which a large number of different plants maturing at different times are planted together
- 23. a mixture of animal feces and bedding straw, as in this example from a stable. Manure is organic matter, mostly derived from animal feces except in the case of green manure, which can be used as organic fertilizer in agriculture.
- 24. Conversion of rangeland, rain-fed cropland, or irrigated cropland to desertlike land, with a drop in agricultural productivity of 10% or more. It usually is caused by a combination of overgrazing, soil erosion, prolonged drought, and climate change
- 25. chemical that kills insects
- 27. Freshly cut or still-growing green vegetation that is plowed into the soil to increase the organic matter and humus available to support crop growth
- 30. planting a plot of land with several varieties of the same crop
- 31. any agent (person or animal or microorganism) that carries and transmits a disease
- 32. chemical, ionizing agent, or virus that causes birth defect
- 36. Substance that destroys many different organisms
- 37. Condition suffered by people who cannot grow or buy enough food to meet their basic energy needs. Most chronically undernourished children live in developing countries and are likely to suffer from mental retardation and stunted growth and to die from infectious diseases
- 40. chemicals that mimic hormones and interfere with natural hormones
- 41. a poisonous substance produced during the metabolism and growth of certain microorganisms and some higher plant and animal species
- 42. Partially decomposed organic plant and animal matter used as a soil conditioner or fertilizer
- 44. simultaneously growing a variety of crops on the same plot
- 45. The ability of individuals to obtain sufficient food on a day-to-day basis
- 48. chemicals, ionizing radiation, and viruses that cause or promote the development of cancer
- 50. measure of how harmful a substance is
- 52. saturation of soil with irrigation water or excessive precipitation so that the water table rises close to the surface