Across
- 4. form of corporate organization in which one firm controls multiple aspects or phases of a commodity chain
- 7. set of policies or practices by which societies can ensure that people of the future have the same access to resources and thus the same economic and environmental opportunities as people living today
- 8. crops, including items like peanuts and pineapples, that are produced, usually in developing countries, for export
- 12. any farm economy in which most crops are grown for nearly exclusive family or local consumption
- 22. a large, frequently foreign-owned piece of agricultural land devoted to the production of a single export crop
- 23. form of corporate organization in which several branches of a company or several commonly owned companies work together to sell their products in different markets.
- 24. process that occurs when soil in arid areas are brough under cultivation through irrigation. The arid climate causes the water to evaporate quickly off the ground surface, laving salty residue so the soil is infertile
- 25. area located in the crescent-shaped zone near the southeastern mediterranean coast (Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Turkey) first hearths of domestication and thus agricultural activity
- 27. an agricultural model that spatially describes agricultural activity in terms of rent. Five rings. Intensive ag that cannot be transported long distances closer to market.
- 28. producing food from land/livesstock for the purpose of human consumption
- 29. chemicals sed on plants that do not harm the palnts, but kill pests and have negative repercussions on other species that ingest the chemicals
- 30. economic and political relationships that organize food production for commercial purposes. Includes activities ranging
- 31. linked system of processes that gather resources, convert them to goods, package them, disperse them, sell them
- 32. when the top fertile layer of soil is depleted through erosion. It is a tremendous problem in areas with fragile soils, steep sltoes, or torrential seasonal rains
- 33. foods that are mostly products of organisms that have had their genes altered in a laboratory for specific purposes, disease resistnce, increased productivity, nutritional value. allows growers to have greater control, predictability, efficiency
Down
- 1. process of urban areas expanding outward, usually in the form of suburbs, and developing over fertile agricultural land
- 2. crop rotation, natural fertilizers such as manure, biological pest control to promote healthy crops
- 3. cultivation/farming of aquatic species, such as fish. In contrast to commercial fishing, which involves catching wild fish
- 5. livestock are concentrated in a very small area and raised on hormones and hearty grains that prepare them for slaughter at a much more rapid rate than grazing, often referrred to as factory farms
- 6. type of agriculture based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food, clothing, and shelter
- 9. the movements of livestock according to seasonal patterns, generally lowland areas in the winter, and highland areas in the summer
- 10. also known as the 3rd agricultural revolution. higher-yield and fast growing crops through increased technology, pesticides, fertilizers. Alleviates the problem of food supply.
- 11. in agriculture, the replacement of human labor with technology or machines
- 12. agriculture system of cultivation that usually exists in tropical areas where vegetation is cut clost to the ground then ignited. Fire introduces nutrients. Makes productive for a short period of time.
- 13. use of troipcal forest clearnings for crop production until their fertility is lost. Plots are then abandoned and farmers move to new sites
- 14. conscious manipulation of plant and animal species by humans in order to sustain themselves
- 15. extensive commercial agricultural activity. Involves raising livestock over vast geographic spaces. Typically located in semi-arid climates like the American west
- 16. rapid economic changes that occured in agriculture and manufacturing in England in the late 18th century and that rapidly spread to other parts of the developed world
- 17. an agricultural economy found in communist nations in which the government controls both agricultural production and distribution
- 18. land that is prepared for agriculture by using the slash and burn method
- 19. ag system practiced in the Mediterranean-style climates of Western Europe, California, and portions of Chile and Australia. Diverse speciality crops such as grapes, avocados, olive, nuts, fruits, and vegetables. profitable ag operations
- 20. ag system characterized by low inputs of labor per unit land area
- 21. agricultural activity that involves effective and efficient use of labor on small plots of land to maximize crop yield.
- 26. process by which formely fertile lands become arid, unproductive, desertlike