Across
- 5. Period characterized by the rapid social and economic changes in manufacturing and agriculture that occurred in England duringthe late 18th century and rapidly diffused to other parts of the world
- 6. centers of economic, cultural, and political activity that are strongly interconnected and together control the global systems of finance and commerence.
- 10. the trend of middle and upper income Americans moving into city centeres and rehabilitating muhc of the architecture but also replacing low-income populations, and changing the social character of certain neighborhoods
- 12. theory formulated by Walter Christaller in the early 1900s that explains the size and distribution of cities in terms of a competitive supply of goods and services to dispersed populations
- 13. an early 20th century mass movement of African Americans from the Deep South to the Industrial North, particularly Chicago
- 14. geographical centeres of activity. A large city, such as Los Angeles, has numerous nodes.
- 15. physical form of a city or urban region
- 17. A circular-city model that characterizes the role of the automobile in the post-industrial era
- 18. early as 1900, real estate agents and developers encouraged affluent white property owners to sell their homes and business at a loss by stoking fears that their neighborhoods were being overtaken by racial or ethnic minorities
- 20. several metropolitcan areas that were orginally separate but have joined together to form a large, sprawling suburban comples. ex: dallas-ft worth, boston and washinton DC (northeast area)
- 24. population of any given town shoudl be inversely proportional to its rank in the country's hierarchy when the distribution of cities according to their sizes follows a certain pattern
- 25. downtown or nucleus of a city where retain stores
- 28. point of view, cities and buildings are though to act like well oiled machines, with little energy spend on frivilous details or ornate designs. Efficient, geometrical structure made of concrete and glass dominated urban forms for half a century while this view prevailed
- 32. person who has left the inner city and moved to outlying suburbs or rural areas
- 33. Muslim countries that owe their structure to their religious beliefs. Mosques at the center of the cities and walls guarding their perimeter. Open-air markets, courtyards, surrounded by high walls, dead-end streets, limit foot traffic in residential neighborhoods
- 34. model that describes urban environments as a series of rings of distinct land uses radiating out from a central core or central business disrict
- 35. cities that are located on the outskirts of larger cities and serve many of the same functions of urba areas, but in a sprawling, decentralized suburban environment
- 36. owe their structure to colonialism the rapid rise of industrialization, and continual rapid increases in population. Similar to other colonial cities, distinctive sectors of industrial or residential development radiating out from the cbd.
- 37. A capital city placed in a remote or peripheral area for economic, strategic, or symbolic reasons
- 38. the market area surrounding and urban center, which that urban center serves
- 40. cities Cities that arose during the Middle Ages and that actually represent a time of relative stagnation in urban growth. The system fostered a depndent relationship between welathy landowners and peasants who worked their land, providing very little alternative econonmic opportunities
- 41. country's leading city, population is disproportionately greater than other urbn areas within the same country
Down
- 1. those parts of large urban areas that lose significant portions of the populations as a result of change in the industry or migration to suburbs. Because of these changes, the inner city loses its ta base and becomes a center of poverty
- 2. process occurring in some urban areas experiencing inner-city decay that usually involves the construction of new shopping districts, entertainment venues, and cultural attractions to entice young urban professionals back into the cities, where nightlife and culture are more accessible
- 3. affluent individuals leave the city center for homogenous suburban neighborhoods. Process isolates those individuals who cannot afford to consider relocating to suburban neighborhoods and must remain in certian pockets of the city.
- 4. according to the EPA, "the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policites
- 7. abandoment of cities by affluent or middle-class white residents. White flight was particularly problematic during the mid 20th century because it resulted in the loss of tax revenue to cities which led to inner-city decay. This process reversed itself somewhat during the 90s and 2000s with urban revitalization projects
- 8. boundaries placed around a city to limit suburban growth within that city
- 9. model or urban land use that places the cbd i the middle with wedge-shaped sectors radiating outward from the center along transportation corridors
- 11. geographer created, American cities have under-gone five major epochs, or periods, of development shaped by the dominant forms of transportation and communication at the time. These include the sail-wagon, iron horse, steel rail,, auto-air, satellite-electronic jet and high tech.
- 16. cities established by colonizing empires as administrative centers. Often they were established on already existing native cities, completely overtaking their infastructures
- 19. a large, rapidly growing city that is suburban in character but resembles population totals or large urban cores
- 21. residential communities, located outside of city centers, that are usually relatively homogenous in terms of population
- 22. mostly characteristic of the developing world, where high population growth and migration have caused them exploe in population since WWII. All megacities are plagued by chaotic and unplanned growth, pollution and poverty
- 23. citeis that, because of their geographic location, act as ports of entry and distribution centers for large geographic areas
- 26. residential development characterized by extreme poverty that usually exist on land just outside of cities that is neither owned nor rented by its occupants
- 27. process of expansive suburban development over large areas spreading out from a city, in which the automobile provides the primary source of transportation
- 29. urban form wherein cities have numerous centers of business and cultural activity instead of one central place
- 30. cities in europe that were mostly developed during the medieval period that retain many of the same characteristics, such as extreme density of development with narrow buildings and winding streets, as ornate church that prominently marks the city center, and high walls surrounding the city center that provided defense against attack
- 31. older, historical styles and a sense of lightheartedness and eclecticism. Buildings combine pleasant-looking forms and playful colors to convey new ideas and create people friendly spaces.
- 39. movement in urban planning to promote mixed-use commercial and residential development and pedestrian-friendly, community-oriented cities. Reaction to sprawling