Across
- 3. The original sum of money invested or loaned, before interest or other charges.
- 4. A tax levied by governments on individuals’ or businesses’ earnings.
- 5. The actual rate of interest earned or paid on a loan or investment after accounting for the effect of compounding.
- 10. A market structure where numerous small firms sell identical products, and no single firm can influence the market price. There are no barriers to entry or exit.
- 17. The stated interest rate on a loan or investment, without adjusting for inflation.
- 20. A type of digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security, making it difficult to counterfeit or double-spend.
- 25. The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services rises, leading to a decrease in purchasing power.
- 26. Banks that provide services directly to individuals, including checking and savings accounts, personal loans, and mortgages.
- 30. A simplified representation of an economic process or system used to analyze and predict economic behavior.
- 33. A market structure dominated by a few large firms, where each firm has significant influence over the market.
- 34. A payment made by a tenant to a landlord for the use of land or property.
- 35. A situation where the quantity demanded of a good remains unchanged regardless of the price change.
- 38. Investment funds that pool money from multiple investors to purchase a diversified portfolio of stocks, bonds, or other securities.
- 40. A term used to describe a situation where the quantity demanded of a good changes significantly in response to a price change.
- 41. Mandatory contributions levied on individuals or businesses by a government to fund public expenditures.
- 42. The increase in the value of an asset over time, often due to market demand or improvements in the asset's condition.
- 43. A situation where any small change in price results in an infinite change in the quantity demanded.
- 44. The percentage charged on a loan or paid on an investment over a period of time.
- 45. Goods that are used in the production of other goods, not sold directly to consumers.
Down
- 1. The process of distinguishing a product or service from others to make it more attractive to a particular target market.
- 2. (PPF): A curve that shows the maximum feasible amount of two goods that an economy can produce given its resources and technology.
- 6. A situation where the quantity demanded of a good changes very little in response to a price change.
- 7. Banks that primarily serve businesses and corporations, providing services like business loans, treasury management, and cash management.
- 8. A market structure characterized by many firms offering differentiated products that are not perfect substitutes.
- 9. A compensation system where employees are paid different rates depending on certain factors such as experience or position.
- 11. A situation where the quantity demanded of a good changes exactly in proportion to the price change.
- 12. Financial institutions that accept deposits from the public, offer loans, and provide other financial services.
- 13. The value of access to specific geographic areas, often used in property or real estate valuation.
- 14. A good for which demand increases as income rises, and decreases as income falls.
- 15. A good that is used in conjunction with another good, such as printers and ink.
- 16. Securities that represent ownership in a corporation and constitute a claim on part of the corporation’s assets and earnings.
- 18. A tax on an individual’s salary or income, typically withheld by an employer.
- 19. A good for which demand decreases as income rises, and increases as income falls.
- 21. A tax on specific goods, often imposed on products like alcohol, tobacco, and gasoline.
- 22. The allocation of resources (such as money or capital) into assets or projects that are expected to generate income or appreciation over time.
- 23. Goods that are produced and consumed by the end consumer, not used to produce other goods.
- 24. An agreement between firms to fix prices or limit competition in order to achieve a favorable market outcome.
- 27. A market structure where a single firm dominates the market and has significant control over prices and supply.
- 28. A tax on the value of real estate or personal property, typically levied by local governments.
- 29. The responsiveness of the quantity demanded for one good to a change in the price of another good.
- 30. A measure of how much the quantity demanded of a good changes in response to a change in price.
- 31. The organizational characteristics of a market, including the number of firms, product differentiation, and the level of competition.
- 32. The lowest legal wage that an employer can pay an employee, often set by the government.
- 36. The total income generated by a business from the sale of goods or services.
- 37. Items that are purchased for investment purposes, often for their rarity, condition, or historical value, like art, coins, or antiques.
- 39. A tax imposed on the transfer of property by gift or donation.