Approaches Key Terms

3. Giving something pleasant to increase a behaviour.
4. The instinctive, pleasure-seeking part of personality (Freud).
7. The moral part of personality that internalises rules and ideals.
9. Units of heredity that carry biological information from parents to offspring.
10. Part of the mind containing thoughts, memories and desires outside conscious awareness.
13. Internal cognitive steps (attention, retention, reproduction, motivation) that influence imitation.
15. Imitating a role model because you want to be like them.
16. Chemicals that transmit signals across synapses between neurons.
18. Learning by forming associations between two stimuli.

1. Chemical messengers released into the blood that affect body and behaviour.
2. Removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behaviour.
5. Unconscious strategies(e.g., repression, denial)used to reduce anxiety.
6. Learning by consequences: rewards or punishments change behaviour.
8. Learning from seeing someone else rewarded for a behaviour.
11. A mental framework or set of expectations for a person/object/situation.
12. Making a logical guess about unobservable mental processes from behaviour.
14. The rational part of personality that mediates between id and reality.
17. Change over generations by natural selection; adaptive explanations for behaviour.