APT 5.1 Vocab Words

4. A process in which microorganisms (like yeast) break down sugars to produce energy, often creating alcohol or acids.
7. An enzyme that breaks down starch into glucose.
9. A chemical reaction in which a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen, releasing heat and energy.
12. A closed path through which electricity flows.
13. A large molecule made of many repeating smaller units.
15. A negatively charged subatomic particle found outside the nucleus of an atom.
16. A large carbohydrate made of many sugar molecules linked together (example: starch or cellulose).
18. Two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
21. A substance that conducts electricity when dissolved in water or melted because it contains ions.
23. To speed up a chemical reaction.

1. A fuel made from living or recently living organisms, such as plants or algae.
2. A chemical reaction in which a substance gains electrons.
3. The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
5. A complex carbohydrate found in plant cell walls.
6. A single sugar molecule; the simplest form of carbohydrate (example: glucose).
8. An enzyme that breaks down starch into sugars.
9. The electrode where reduction occurs; electrons flow toward the cathode.
10. A simple sugar that cells use for energy.
11. The electrode where oxidation occurs; electrons leave the anode in an electrical circuit.
14. A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms.
17. An enzyme that breaks down cellulose into simpler sugars.
19. A single-celled fungus used in fermentation to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide.
20. A type of alcohol produced by fermentation; commonly used as a biofuel.
22. A unit of energy; in biology, it measures the amount of energy in food.