Across
- 4. (ratified in 1781)America’s first constitution, created a weak central government leading to issues like the inability to tax or raise an army
- 7. (1787 ratified 1788)Replaced the Articles of Confederation, created a stronger central government with separation of powers and checks and balances
- 10. (1896)Legalized racial segregation under the separate but equal” doctrine. Stayed in effect until overturned by Brown Vs. Board of education
- 11. (1966)Required that criminal suspects be informed of their rights before questioning, including the right to remain silent which are the Miranda Rights
- 14. (1863)Issued by Abraham Lincon, Freed slaves in confederate states, shifting the civil war’s focus to the moral cause of ending slavery. Did not apply to border states.
- 15. (1776)Author Thomas Paine, pamphlet that inspired American colonists to support independence from Britain empire. Widely influencing in changing public opinion
- 16. (1919)Declared that free speech can be limited under times of “clear and present danger” related to the opposition of the WW1 draft. Upheld the Espionage Act (criminalized activities that interfered with War effort)
- 17. (1803) first supreme court case asserting its role as final interpretation, strengthens the judicial branch by allowing it to check the power of congress and president
- 18. (1796)Warned against political parties, foreign alliances, and sectionalism. Set the precedent for a peaceful transition of power
- 19. (1863)By Abraham Lincon, Reaffirmed the principle of equality and democracy, honoring fallen soldiers and redefining the Civil War as a struggle for a “new birth of freedom”
Down
- 1. (1787-1788)Authors Hamilton, Madison, Jay, series of essays promoting ratification of the constitution; explained the need for a strong central government and the logic behind the constitution
- 2. (1954)Overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson, ruling that segregation in public school was unconstitutional and inherently unequal, launching modern Civil Rights Movement
- 3. (1819)authorized that congress had the authority to establish a national bank, signifies congress to make laws that are necessary to for keeping powers
- 5. (1919)Ended WW1, imposed harsh penalties on Germany. US senate refused to ratify it due to opposition to the league of nations, signaling a return to isolationism
- 6. (1832)Ruled that the Cherokee nation was a distinct political community and Georgia had no right to impose laws on their lands. Was ignored by andrew jackson causing the trail of tears
- 8. (1857) Known as the Dred Scott decision, ruled that African Americans were not citizens and congress had no authority to ban slavery in territories, deepening and strengthening sectional tensions between North and South.
- 9. (1776)Author Thomas jefferson, officially declared the American colonies independent from Britain, emphasized the natural rights and popular sovereignty
- 12. (1944)Upheld the constitutionality of Japanese internment camps during WW2 as a matter of national security, despite clear and obvious racial discrimination
- 13. (1937)Legalized abortion nationwide demonstrating women’s right to privacy under the 14th amendment