Across
- 4. a Spanish soldier and commander; in 1540 he led an expedition north from Mexico into Arizona
- 6. Genoese explorer who stumbled upon the West Indies in 1492 while in search of a new water route to Asia
- 9. Indian slave woman who was an interpreter for Hernan Cortez on his conquest of the Aztecs
- 11. fought between Spaniards under Don Juan de Onate and the Pueblo Indians in present day New Mexico
- 13. sixteenth century Spaniards who fanned out across the americas, from Colorado to Argentina, eventually conquering the Aztec and Inca empires
- 14. During the late 15th century, they became king and queen of the united Spain after centuries of Islamic domination. Together, they made Spain a strong Christian nation
- 16. Spanish governments policy to commend or give Indians to certain colonists in return for the promise to christianize them
- 17. small vessel with high decks and three triangular sails; could sail more closely into the wind, allowing European sailors to explore the western shores of Africa
- 19. economic system characterized by private property, generally free trade and open and accessible markets
- 22. reform minded Spanish missionary who worked to abolish the encomienda system and documented the mistreatment of Indians in the Spanish colonies
- 23. first part of the North American landmass to emerge above sea level
- 24. Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico
- 25. highly advanced South American civilization that occupied present-day Peru until it was conquered by Spanish forces under Francisco Pizarro in 1532
Down
- 1. the transfer of goods,crops,and diseases between new and old world societies after 1492
- 2. Agricultural system employed by North America Indians as early as 1000 A.D; maize, beans, and squash were grown together to maximize yields
- 3. “sad night” when the Aztecs attacked Hernan Cortes and his forces in the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan, killing hundreds
- 5. signed by Spain and Portugal, dividing the territories of the new world.
- 7. Pueblo Indian rebellion that drove Spanish settlers from New Mexico.
- 8. Mississippian settlement near present day East St. Louis, home to as many as 25,000 native Americans
- 10. the term commonly describes those societies in which political legitimacy and authority overlay a large degree of cultural commonality
- 12. false notion that Spanish conquerors did little but butcher the Indians and steal their gold in the name of Christ
- 15. Native American empire that controlled present day Mexico until 1521, when they were conquered by Spanish Hernán Cortés
- 18. people of mixed Indian and European heritage, notably in Mexico
- 20. Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima
- 21. a large scale agricultural enterprise growing commercial crops and usually employing coerced or slave labor