Across
- 1. short-term partnership between multiple investors to find a commercial enterprise.
- 3. document granted by a government to some group or agency to implement a stated purpose, and selling out the attending rights and obligations.
- 4. legal principle that the oldest son, inherits family property or land.
- 6. French Protestant dissenters, they were granted limited toleration under the edict of Nantes.
- 7. English joint stock company that received a charter from King James I that allowed it to found the Virginia colony.
- 9. Reformation movement to reform the Catholic Church launched in Germany by Martin Luther.
- 12. English Corus, whose marriage to Pocahontas 1614 sealed the piece of the first Anglo- Powhatan war.
- 16. absolute monarch, and also the king of Scotland, highly religious, became king England in 1603 when Queen Elizabeth I died.
- 18. first permanent English settlement in North America founded by the Virginia company.
- 22. protestant queen of England, whose 45 year reign from 1558 to 1603 firmly secured the Anglican Church and inaugurated a period of Maritime exploration and conquest.
- 23. series clashes between the Powhatan confederacy and English settlers in Virginia.
- 25. Spanish fleet defeated in the English Channel in 1588.
Down
- 2. English adventure who took control of Jamestown in 1608 and insured the survival of the colony by directing gold- hungry colonist toward more productive task.
- 5. the Dutch colony, located along the Hudson river area, that was established by the Dutch West India Company.
- 8. translated as runners of the woods, they were French for trappers, also known as voyageurs, who established trading post throughout North America.
- 10. bound together, five tribes- the Mohawks, the Onondagas, the Cayuga, and the senecas.
- 11. chief of the Powhatan Confederacy and father to the powhatans.
- 13. Island sir Walter Raleigh’s, failed colonial settlement off the coast of North Carolina.
- 14. English sea captain, who completed his circumnavigation of a globe in 1580, plundering Spanish ships and settlements along the way.
- 15. decree issued by the French crown granting Limited toleration to French protestants.
- 17. colonel governor who imposed harsh military rule over Jamestown after taking over in 1610.
- 19. last ditch effort by the Indians to dislodge Virginia settlements.
- 20. daughter of chief Powhatan, she saved Captain John Smith in a dramatic mock execution and served as a mediator between Indians and the colonists.
- 21. along with Deganawidah, legendary founder of the Iroquois confederacy, which united the Mohawk, Oneida, Cayuga and Seneca tribes in the late 16th century.
- 24. English courtier and adventurer who sponsored the failed settlements of North Carolina’s Roanoke Island in 1585 and 1587.