Across
- 2. Powerful urban political organizations that thrived by providing immigrants and the poor with social services in exchange for votes and loyalty
- 6. Steel manufacturing technique that made mass production of steel cheaper and faster fueling railroad construction and industrial growth
- 7. Economic philosophy arguing that government should not intervene in the economy
- 11. Business structure that allowed wealthy industrialists to consolidate multiple corporations under one entity, further concentrating wealth and eliminating competition
- 14. Rapid growth of cities driven by industrialization and migration from both abroad and within the United States
- 16. Theory used to justify the wealth of the rich as natural and inevitable by applying the theory of survival of the fittest to economic and social life
- 18. Political party created by agrarian activists and others calling for a stronger governmental role in regulating railroads, currency, and the economy TRANSCONTINENTALRAILROAD Network of rail lines connecting the East and West coasts that opened new markets promoted economic growth and created new western communities
- 20. Protestant reform movement that applied Christian ethics to social problems such as poverty, inequality, and child labor arguing that society itself needed to be saved
- 21. Confined territories to which the U.S. government relocated American Indian tribes after violating treaties and crushing armed resistance on the frontier
- 22. Term describing the post Civil War era of rapid industrialization extreme wealth inequality political corruption and dramatic social change
- 25. Use of machinery to replace human labor in agriculture and industry that dramatically increased production and contributed to declining prices
- 27. Progressive reformer who founded Hull House in Chicago and championed the rights of immigrants women and the poor during the Gilded Age
- 29. Federal policy that broke up American Indian tribal lands into individual allotments in an effort to assimilate Native peoples and open remaining land to white settlers (1887)
- 32. Integration business strategy in which a company controls all stages of production from raw materials to finished goods
- 33. System of racial separation enforced through violence, Supreme Court decisions, and local political tactics
- 34. Federal law that barred Chinese laborers from immigrating to the United States (1882)
- 35. Term used to describe powerful industrialists who built massive fortunes through ruthless business practices and exploitation of workers
Down
- 1. Rapidly growing western settlements that sprang up around railroad lines and mining discoveries
- 3. System of state and local laws enforcing racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans following Reconstruction
- 4. Supreme Court decision that upheld racial segregation under the doctrine of separate but equal (1896)
- 5. Social group that expanded during the Gilded Age as corporations needed managers and clerical workers, and as access to education and consumer culture grew
- 8. Native American spiritual movement that spread across the Great Plains
- 9. Organization of workers that battled management over wages and working conditions through strikes, collective bargaining, and political advocacy
- 10. Treaty between the U.S. government and Sioux Nation that was later violated when gold was discovered in the Black Hills (1868)
- 12. Anti immigrant movement that sought to limit the political power and cultural influence of newcomers, particularly those from southern and eastern Europe and Asia
- 13. Andrew Carnegie's idea that wealthy business leaders had a moral obligation to use their fortunes to improve society through philanthropy
- 15. Populist demand to coin silver alongside gold to expand the money supply and relieve the economic burden on indebted farmers and the poor
- 17. Supreme Court case that established that American born children of immigrants are citizens under the Fourteenth Amendment (1898)
- 19. Federal law passed to limit the power of trusts and monopolies (1890)
- 23. African Americans who migrated from the post-Reconstruction South to Kansas and other western states seeking land, freedom, and escape from racial violence (1879)
- 24. Act that promoted western settlement by offering land grants to settlers who agreed to farm the land, contributing to the displacement of American Indians (1862)
- 26. Term describing the post-Reconstruction vision of some industrialization in the South
- 28. Invention that transformed American urban life, extended the workday, and symbolized the era of technological innovation driving industrial growth (1879)
- 30. Federal Indian boarding school in Pennsylvania that forcibly assimilated Native American children by stripping them of their languages, cultures, and tribal identities (1879)
- 31. Overcrowded and unsanitary urban housing where large numbers of immigrant and working class families lived