Across
- 4. Frontier farmers who illegally occupied land owned by others or not yet officially opened for settlement. Many of North Carolina's early settlers were these people who contributed to the colony's reputation as being more independent-minded and "democratic" than its neighbors.
- 7. Colonial governor who imposed harsh military rule over Jamestown after taking over in 1610. He also applied harsh "Trish" tactics during the war against the indians, sending troops to torch their villages and seize provisions.
- 8. English courtier and adventurer who sponsored the failed settlements of North Carolina's Roanoke Island in 1585 and 1587. Once a favorite of Elizabeth I, he fe out of favor with the Virgin Queen after secretly marrying one of her maids of honor.He continued his colonial pursuits until 1618, when he was executed for treason.
- 12. Along with Deganawidah, legendary founder of the Iroquois Confederacy, which united the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Seneca tribes in the late sixteenth century,
- 14. English joint-stock company that received a charter from king James I that allowed it to found the Virginia colony.
- 17. Protestant Queen of England, whose forty-five year reign from 1558 to 1603 firmly secured the Anglican Church and inaugurated a period of maritime exploration and conquest. Never having married, she was dubbed the "Virgin Queen" by her contemporaries.
- 19. English adventurer who took control of Jamestown in 1608 and ensured the survival of the colony by directing gold-hungry colonists toward more productive tasks.He also established ties with the Powhatan Indians through the Chief's daughter, Pocahontas, who had "saved" him from a mock execution the previous year.
- 21. Representative parliamentary assembly created to govern Virginia, establishing a precedent for government in the English colonies.
- 22. English sea captain who completed his circumnavigation of the globe in 1580, plundering Spanish ships and settlements along the way.
- 23. Daughter of Chief Powhatan, she "saved" Captain John Smith in a dramatic mock execution and served as a mediator between Indians and the colonists. In 1614, she married John Rolfe and sailed with him to England, where she was greeted as a princess, and where she passed away shortly before her planned return to the colonies.
- 24. The Dutch colony, located along the Hudson River area, that was established by the Dutch West India Company,
- 25. Chief of the Powhatan Confederacy and father to Pocahontas. At the time of the English settlement of Jamestown in 1607, he was a friend to John Smith and John Rolfe. When Smith was captured by Indians, he left Smith's fate in the hands of his warriors. His daughter saved John Smith, and the Jamestown colony. Pocahontas and John Rolfe were wed, and there was a time of peace between the Indians and English until his death.
Down
- 1. Bound together 5 tribes- the Mohawks, the Oneidas, the Onondagas, the Cayu-eracy gas, and the Senecas-- in the Mohawk Valley of what is now New York State
- 2. Defeated by the south Carolinans in the war of 1715-1716. The Yamasee defeat devastated the last of the coastal Indian tribes in the Southern colonies.
- 3. Absolute monarch: Also the King of Scotland; highly religious; became King England in 1603 when Queen Elizabeth I died; he supported overseas colonization, granting a charter to the Virginia Company in 1606 for a settlement in the New World. He also cracked down on both Catholics and Puritan Separatists, prompting the latter to flee to Holland, and later North America
- 5. Legal document granted by a government to some group or agency to implement a stated purpose, and spelling out the attending rights and obligations. British colonial charters guaranteed inhabitants all the rights of Englishmen, which helped solidify colonists' ties to Britain during the early years of settlement.
- 6. Is First formal statute governing the treatment of slaves, which provided for harsh punishments against offending slaves but lacked penalties for the mistreatment of slaves by masters. Similar statutes were adopted by Southern plantation societies on the North American mainland in the 17th and 18th centuries.
- 9. Passed in Maryland, it guaranteed toleration to all Christians but decreed the death penalty for those, like jews and atheists, who denied the divinity of jesus Christ.Ensured that Maryland would continue to attract a high proportion of Catholic migrants throughout the colonial period.
- 10. War Series of clashes between the Powhatan Confederacy and English settlers in Virginia. English colonists torched and pillaged Indian villages, applying tactics used in England's campaigns against the irish.
- 11. Armed conflict between royalists and parliamentarians, resulting in the victory of pro-Parliament forces and the execution of Charles I.
- 13. Dominant theological credo of the New England Puritans based on the teachings of John Calvin. Calvinists believed in predestination —that only "the elect" were destined for salvation.
- 15. English colonist whose marriage to Pocahontas in 1614 sealed the peace of the First Anglo-Powhatan War.
- 16. In politics, a territory between two antagonistic powers, intended to minimize the possibility of conflict between them. In British North America, Georgia was established as a buffer colony between British and Spanish territory.
- 18. First permanent English settlement in North America founded by the Virginia Company.
- 20. Began with an Indian attack on Newbern, North Carolina. After the Tuscaroras were defeated, remaining Indian survivors migrated northward, eventually joining the Iroquois Confederacy as its sixth nation.