Across
- 1. practical politics, ends justified the means, power more important than principles; utilized by Otto von Bismarck to unify Germany
- 3. A popular Enlightenment era belief that there is a God, but that God isn't involved in people's lives or in revealing truths to prophets.
- 4. 1776 statement, issued by the Second Continental Congress, explaining why the colonies wanted independence from Britain.
- 6. A political ideology that emphasizes the civil rights of citizens, representative government, and the protection of private property. This ideology, derived from the Enlightenment, was especially popular among the property-owning middle classes.
- 8. (1793-1794) during the French Revolution when thousands were executed for "disloyalty;" led by Robespierre who tried rebels and had them executed often by guillotine
- 10. the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation
- 11. A philosophical movement which started in Europe in the 1700's and spread to the colonies. It emphasized reason and the scientific method.
- 13. An Enlightenment concept; an agreement between the people and their government signifying their consent to be governed; popular in the 16th-18th centuries among theorists such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, as a means of explaining the origin of government and the obligations of subjects.
- 14. the belief that women should possess the same political and economic rights as men; became popular during the Enlightenment MaryWollstonecraft English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women; wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women, a famous feminist document in 1792
- 15. the right to vote in political elections
Down
- 2. Was an important leader of the Haitian Revolution and the first leader of a free Haiti; in a long struggle again the institution of slavery, he led the blacks to victory over the whites and free coloreds and secured native control over the colony in 1797, calling himself a dictator.
- 5. Chancellor of Prussia from 1862 until 1871, when he became chancellor of Germany. A conservative nationalist, he led Prussia to victory against Austria (1866) and France (1870) in order to create a sense of national unity; assisted German unification in 1871
- 7. rights granted to all people by nature or God that cannot be denied or restricted by any government or individual; are often said to be granted to people by "natural law." Often discussed by Enlightenment thinker John Locke
- 9. The most important military leader in the struggle for independence in South America. Born in Venezuela, he led military forces there and in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.
- 12. sense of commonality based on language, religion, social customs, and territory; sometimes harnessed by governments to foster a sense of unity