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4. A deceptive attempt to steal sensitive information through fake emails or websites.
6. A previously unknown vulnerability in software that hackers can exploit.
8. A software update that fixes vulnerabilities and improves security.
10. A type of malware that locks users out of their data until a payment is made.
11. Malicious software designed to secretly monitor and gather information from a user’s device.
12. A type of malware disguised as legitimate software to trick users into installing it.

1. A network of infected devices controlled remotely by attackers, often used for large-scale cyberattacks.
2. A service that encrypts your internet connection for secure browsing, especially over public networks.
3. A security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic.
5. A method of trial and error used by attackers to guess passwords or encryption keys
7. The process of converting data into a code to prevent unauthorized access.
9. Software specifically designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to a computer system.