Across
- 1. An insoluble solid that emerges from a liquid solution during a chemical reaction.
- 4. The process of removing salt from seawater to make it potable (drinkable).
- 10. The minimum amount of energy that particles must have to react when they collide.
- 12. Using bacteria to produce soluble metal compounds from low-grade ores.
- 13. An experimental technique used to find the exact volume of an acid and alkali needed to neutralise each other.
- 16. The thermal decomposition of long-chain hydrocarbons into shorter, more useful alkanes and alkenes.
- 17. A "series" of organic compounds that have the same functional group and general formula.
- 18. The constant (6.02×1023) representing the number of particles in one mole of a substance.
- 22. A substance that increases the rate of reaction by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy.
- 23. Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
- 25. The process of checking or adjusting an instrument to ensure its readings are accurate against a standard.
- 26. Ions that do not take part in a chemical reaction and remain unchanged in the solution.
- 33. The relationship between the relative quantities of substances taking part in a reaction (the molar ratio).
- 36. Different structural forms of the same element in the same physical state (e.g., diamond and graphite).
- 38. A type of reaction where a more reactive element takes the place of a less reactive element in a compound.
- 39. A liquid or solution that contains ions and can conduct electricity.
- 40. The loss of electrons or the gain of oxygen.
- 41. The maximum mass of a product that could possibly be produced in a reaction, calculated from the balanced equation.
Down
- 2. The strong force of attraction between oppositely charged ions in an ionic lattice.
- 3. A large molecule made of many repeating units called monomers.
- 5. A complex mixture designed as a useful product with specific properties (e.g., paint or fuel).
- 6. A reaction that transfers energy to the surroundings, usually as heat.
- 7. The tendency of a substance to vaporise or turn into a gas.
- 8. An atom or group of atoms that determine the chemical properties of an organic compound.
- 9. The reactant that is completely used up in a chemical reaction, determining the amount of product formed.
- 11. A reaction that takes in energy from the surroundings, resulting in a temperature decrease.
- 14. Particles that are between 1nm and 100nm in size, possessing a high surface-area-to-volume ratio.
- 15. A compound consisting of only hydrogen and carbon atoms.
- 19. The type of equilibrium where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the exact same rate.
- 20. Added to aluminium oxide to lower its melting point during electrolysis, saving energy.
- 21. Describes a substance that contains no water of crystallisation.
- 24. Polymers that do not melt when heated because they contain cross-links between polymer chains.
- 27. Organic compounds which are joined together in straight chains, branched chains, or non-aromatic rings (Higher context).
- 28. The principle stating that if a change is made to a system at equilibrium, the system shifts to counteract the change.
- 29. Molecules that naturally exist as pairs of atoms, such as N2, O2, or Cl2.
- 30. The physical result (the paper with spots) produced by a chromatography experiment.
- 31. A reaction where the products can react together to reform the original reactants.
- 32. Using plants to absorb metal compounds from the soil before harvesting and burning them.
- 34. The gain of electrons or the loss of oxygen.
- 35. The functional group −COOH found in organic acids like ethanoic acid.
- 37. The amount of substance in a certain volume of solution, measured in g/dm3 or mol/dm3.
- 42. The organic product formed when an alcohol reacts with a carboxylic acid.