Across
- 2. The process of feeding a portion of the output signal back to the input of a system to modify its behavior
- 5. The emission of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles, such as radio waves, X-rays, or alpha particles, often used in various applications, including communication and medical imaging
- 8. A protective device consisting of a metal wire or strip that melts when the current exceeds a specified value, interrupting the circuit and protecting against overcurrents
- 11. Unwanted random variations or disturbances in a signal that can affect its quality or interpretation.
- 12. The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred, calculated as the product of voltage and current
- 13. A coil of wire that produces a magnetic field when an electric current passes through it, often used to generate linear or rotary motion in mechanical systems
- 16. The unit of power in the International System of Units (SI), representing the rate of energy transfer or work done at a rate of one joule per second
- 19. The reciprocal of impedance
- 21. The condition in an electrical or mechanical system where the excitation frequency matches the natural frequency, resulting in a large amplitude response and potential resonance phenomena
- 22. An insulating material or medium that exhibits minimal electrical conductivity and is used to separate conductive parts or store electrical energy
- 24. The additional frequency components present in an electrical system or waveform, typically integer multiples of the fundamental frequency, resulting from nonlinear loads or nonlinearities in the system
- 25. A versatile instrument used to measure multiple electrical quantities, including voltage, current, resistance, and continuity
- 27. The number of complete cycles or oscillations of a periodic waveform occurring per unit of time, typically measured in hertz (Hz)
- 28. A temperature sensor consisting of two dissimilar metal wires or alloys that generate a voltage proportional to the temperature difference between the measurement junction and the reference junction
- 30. Disturbances caused by electromagnetic radiation from external sources that affect the operation of electronic equipment
- 35. A material whose electrical properties lie between those of conductors and insulators
- 37. A passive electronic component that limits the flow of electric current, dissipating energy in the form of heat
- 42. A concept used in semiconductor physics to describe the absence of an electron
- 43. A circuit or device that generates a continuous and repetitive waveform or signal, such as a sine wave, square wave, or pulse wave
- 47. A semiconductor device that amplifies or switches electronic signals and serves as a fundamental building block of modern electronic circuits
- 48. The unit of electrical resistance in the International System of Units (SI), representing the resistance that restricts the flow of one ampere of current with one volt of applied voltage
- 49. Electrical equipment used to control, protect, and isolate electrical circuits and equipment, including switches, circuit breakers, and relays
- 52. The maximum current that a conductor or electrical device can carry continuously under specified conditions without exceeding its temperature limits and safety standards
- 53. The combined effect of resistance and reactance (inductive or capacitive) in an AC circuit
- 54. A reference point in an electrical circuit or system that serves as a common return path for electric current and provides a stable voltage reference
- 55. Electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than visible light but shorter than radio waves, commonly used in remote control systems, night vision, and thermal imaging
- 56. A four-layer semiconductor device that can switch and control large electric currents, often used in power control and conversion applications
- 57. A device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction, typically used to step up or step down voltage levels
Down
- 1. A passive electronic component that stores and releases electrical energy in an electric field
- 3. The unit of electrical potential difference or electromotive force in the International System of Units (SI)
- 4. The measure of a material’s opposition to the flow of electric current, represented by the unit ohm
- 6. The maximum value or magnitude of an oscillating quantity, such as voltage or current
- 7. An electrical or electromagnetic representation of information
- 9. The unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI), equal to the work done when a force of one newton acts through a distance of one meter
- 10. A device that converts one form of energy into another, such as a microphone (sound to electrical), a loudspeaker (electrical to sound), or a temperature sensor (temperature to electrical)
- 14. A type of temperature sensor whose electrical resistance changes with temperature, commonly used for temperature measurement and compensation
- 15. A reduction in voltage or power supply level, intentionally or unintentionally, by the utility to cope with high demand or system limitations
- 17. The unit of capacitance in the International System of Units (SI), representing the ability of a capacitor to store electrical charge
- 18. The gradual loss or reduction of signal strength or power as it travels through a medium or transmission system
- 20. The property of a circuit element, typically a coil, that opposes changes in current flow, measured in henries (H)
- 23. A subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge and orbits the nucleus of an atom, involved in the flow of electric current
- 24. The unit of frequency, representing the number of cycles per second in an alternating current or waveform
- 26. A physical field produced by electrically charged objects or currents, capable of exerting forces on other charged objects or conducting currents
- 28. The unit of magnetic flux density or magnetic induction in the International System of Units (SI), representing one weber per square meter
- 29. A portable instrument used to measure insulation resistance in electrical systems and equipment, helping to identify insulation faults or degradation
- 31. A device that converts electrical signals into mechanical motion
- 32. The flow of electric charge per unit of time, measured in amperes (A)
- 33. A mathematical measure of the magnitude of an alternating current (AC) or voltage waveform, representing the effective value or equivalent DC value of the waveform
- 34. An electrically operated switch that controls the flow of current in a circuit by mechanically opening or closing contacts based on an applied control signal
- 36. The unit of electric charge in the International System of Units (SI), representing the charge of approximately 6.24 x 10^18 electrons.
- 38. A semiconductor device that allows current to flow in one direction and blocks it in the other
- 39. The process of reversing the direction of current flow in a rotating machine, such as a DC motor or generator
- 40. The electric potential difference or electromotive force (EMF) between two points in an electric circuit, measured in volts (V)
- 41. A circuit component that converts AC voltage to DC voltage
- 44. A device or component that controls the flow of electric current in a circuit, allowing for the opening or closing of the circuit or the selection of different paths
- 45. A number system based on two digits, 0 and 1, used in digital electronics
- 46. A conductor or bar that serves as a common connection point for multiple electrical circuits in a power distribution system
- 50. A device used to regulate and control the current flow in fluorescent lamps or gas discharge lamps
- 51. A material or substance that allows the flow of electric current, typically characterized by low resistance