Across
- 2. Formal consent needed from 9 of 13 states to pass major legislation, or all 13 states to amend the Articles.
- 4. Mandatory revenue collections that Congress could not levy directly, relying instead on voluntary contributions from individual states.
- 11. System of money that proved chaotic under the Articles because both the national government and individual states issued their own paper notes.
- 12. Conflict between states over borders or tariffs that the central government had little power to resolve.
- 14. Ground military force that Congress could request from state militias, though it lacked the authority to directly draft soldiers.
- 16. Branch Governmental division absent under the Articles, leaving the country without a permanent president to carry out laws.
- 17. Sole branch of national government under the Articles, operating as a unicameral legislative body.
- 19. To formally enact a law, which required a supermajority vote of 9 out of the 13 states in Congress.
- 20. Federal tribunal network missing under the Articles, leaving legal conflicts solely to individual state benches.
- 23. One of the few national public services successfully established and maintained by Congress under the Articles.
- 24. Power over interstate trade and commerce that Congress lacked, leading to trade wars between states.
- 25. Mandatory action Congress could not perform regarding taxes, leaving the central government perpetually broke.
- 26. State representative sent to attend and participate in the national Congress.
Down
- 1. Major international conflict that required the national government to formally declare, though it relied on state funding and troops to wage it.
- 3. First governing frame of the United States, creating a loose union of sovereign states.
- 5. Maritime defense force that Congress had the formal authority to build and equip, though severe funding shortages hindered its development.
- 6. National leader position that did not exist under the Articles out of fear of creating another king.
- 7. Branch Branch of government missing at the national level under the original confederation, preventing federal trials.
- 8. Action Congress could take regarding an army only by requesting troops from states, rather than drafting directly.
- 9. 1786 armed uprising of debt-ridden Massachusetts farmers that exposed the severe central weaknesses of the Articles.
- 10. Positive feature of the Articles, such as providing a structured plan for admitting new western territories.
- 13. State of international harmony formally negotiated and concluded by Congress through diplomatic treaties, such as the 1783 Treaty of Paris.
- 15. Major characteristic of the central government under the Articles, intentionally designed to prevent tyranny.
- 18. Commercial exchange between states and foreign nations that Congress could not regulate, leading to economic rivalries and state-imposed tariffs.
- 21. Authority Congress notoriously lacked, making it impossible to compel states to follow federal laws.
- 22. Standardized measurement system that Congress was granted the authority to fix and regulate across the states.
- 23. Authority that was intentionally kept minimal at the national level to prevent tyranny, leaving most control with individual states.