Athens Video

4. — Early Greek civilization known for its warrior kings and fortified palaces; fought in the Trojan War according to legend.
7. — An Athenian general and statesman who led the navy to victory against Persia at the Battle of Salamis.
9. — A long and destructive conflict (431–404 BC) between Athens and Sparta that led to the downfall of Athens.
10. — A major naval battle in 480 BC where the Greek fleet defeated the much larger Persian navy, turning the tide of the Persian Wars.
11. — The vast and powerful empire to the east of Greece that attempted to conquer the Greek city-states during the Persian Wars.
12. — A system of government in which citizens have the power to make decisions through voting; first developed in Athens.
13. — The tyrant ruler of the island of Samos known for his ambitious building projects and engineering achievements.

1. — The legendary blind Greek poet credited with composing The Iliad and The Odyssey.
2. — A marble temple on the Athenian Acropolis dedicated to Athena, built under Pericles as a symbol of Athenian power and culture.
3. An independent community consisting of a city and its surrounding territory; the basic political unit of ancient Greece (e.g., Athens, Sparta).
5. — An alliance of Greek city-states led by Athens formed to defend against Persia and later used to build the Athenian Empire.
6. — The spread of Greek culture, language, and ideas across the Mediterranean and Near East after Alexander the Great’s conquests.
7. — A single ruler who seized power by force, often ruling with absolute authority.
8. — A fast, maneuverable Greek warship powered by three rows of oars and equipped with a bronze ram for attacking enemy vessels.
11. — A prominent Athenian leader who expanded democracy, rebuilt Athens after the Persian Wars, and commissioned the Parthenon.