Across
- 2. With prolonged occlusion of coronary artery, a wave of irreversible myocardial injury spreads from the ___________ layer of cardiac tissue into the subepicardial layer.
- 4. The _____ transforms into macrophage to phagocytose oxidised LDL-C
- 5. This is considered to the first cellular event in the formation of atherosclerotic plaque.
- 11. Foam cells release ___________________ which signals to recruit smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from the tunica media onto the plaque.
- 12. In initial steps of plaque formation, plaques usually grow in an _____ direction of the vessel.
- 14. Overtime, the inner layer of coronary arteries accumulates with fatty deposits, leading to the formation of plaques, and narrowing of the arteries. This phenomenon is referred to as _______ (easy one, isn't it, take the next one!)
Down
- 1. This is considered to be an important trigger for Atherosclerosis.
- 3. This layer of arteries is the outer layer and consists of connective tissue to anchor arteries to the surrounding tissues.
- 6. Cigarette toxins can also act as irritants and cause dysfunction of the endothelium, making arteries more susceptible to the entry of LDL cholesterol into the ______ layer of the arteries.
- 7. During advanced atherosclerotic lesion, macrophages can also release _____________ enzyme that degrades collagen.
- 8. Phagocytosis of LDL cholesterol results in macrophage filled with LDL-C that undergo apoptosis and develop _____.
- 9. When numerous active and dead macrophages and other inflammatory cells accumulate, this develops. (Hint: An atheroma that has a fibrous structure)
- 10. LDL-C infiltrates into the intimal layer as it contains a hydrophilic structural protein known as ______, allowing it to adhere to extracellular matrix proteoglycan and LDL receptors on the endothelial surface.
- 13. Smooth muscle cells produce extracellular matrix such as _____ to form a stable fibrous cap.