ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS

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Across
  1. 1. process of the atomic nucleus that results in the emission of energetic sub atomic particles
  2. 6. the conversion of n atomic nucleus of one element into an atomic nucleus of another element through a loss or gain in the number of protons.
  3. 7. a stream of electrons (or positrons) emitted during the radioactive decay of certain nuclei
  4. 8. Electromagnetic radiation of higher frequencies than ultraviolet: emitted by electron transitions to the lowest energy states in atoms
  5. 9. the time required for half the atoms in a sample of a radioactive isotope to decay
  6. 12. A fundamental equation of quantum mechanics, which relates probability wave amplitudes to the forces acting on a system
  7. 15. a nuclear proton or neutron; the collective name for either or both.
  8. 17. The theory of the micro world based on wave functions and probabilities developed especially by Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schroedinger.
  9. 19. acronym for a unit of absorbed energy
  10. 20. a self-sustaining reaction in which the products of one reaction event stimulate further reaction events
  11. 21. force that attracts nucleons to each other within the atomic nucleus: a force that is very strong for short distances
  12. 22. a stream of particles (helium nuclei) ejected by certain radioactive elements
Down
  1. 1. The statement that the frequencies of some spectral lines of the elements are either the sums or the differences of the frequencies of two other lines.
  2. 2. fission the splitting of the nucleus of a heavy atom into two smaller nuclei
  3. 3. acronmy for a unit used to measure the effect of ionizing radiation on humans.
  4. 4. process of determining the time that has elapsed since death by measuring the radioactivity of the remaining carbon14 atoms
  5. 5. The rule that a new theory must produce the same results as the old theory where the old theory is known to be valid
  6. 10. a fission reactor designed to make more fissionable fuel tun is put into it by converting non fissionable isotopes to fissionable isotopes
  7. 11. The combination of light atomic nuclei to form heavier nuclei, with the release of much energy
  8. 13. negative particle in the outer part of an atom
  9. 14. the elementary constituent particles or building blocks of nuclear matter
  10. 16. high-frequency electromagnetic radiation emitted but the nuclei of radioactive atoms.
  11. 18. nucleus positively charged center of an atom, containing protons and neutrons and almost the entire mass of the atom, but only a tiny fraction of its volume
  12. 20. the minimum mass of fissionable material in a rector or nuclear bomb that will sustain a chain reaction