Across
- 4. a protein produced by the immune system that binds to a specific antigen (a molecule on a pathogen like a virus or bacteria)
- 5. when a large percentage of a population is immune to a disease, making it difficult for the disease to spread
- 6. a carrier used to transfer genetic material (DNA) from one organism to another
- 7. when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotics, rendering the drugs ineffective in treating infections
- 8. a 'dummy' treatment with no medical or therapeutic value
- 9. drugs are tested using computer models and human cells grown in the laboratory.
Down
- 1. any illness that can be passed from one person or organism to another
- 2. a microorganism, such as a virus, bacterium, fungus, or protist, that can cause disease in a plant or animal
- 3. a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease
- 10. a toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.