BASIC CHEMISTRY

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Across
  1. 4. Reaction: A type of chemical reaction where elements from different compounds exchange places. (Page XX)
  2. 5. Triphosphate (ATP): The primary energy carrier in cells, providing energy for various cellular processes. (Page XX)
  3. 8. The simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar molecules such as glucose and fructose. (Page XX)
  4. 10. A substance composed of two or more elements chemically bonded together. (Page XX)
  5. 11. The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element. (Page XX)
  6. 12. A lipid with a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails, making it a major component of cell membranes. (Page XX)
  7. 16. A chemical reaction where a compound is broken down by the addition of water. (Page XX)
  8. 19. The substance upon which an enzyme acts. (Page XX)
  9. 21. Organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typically in a ratio of 1:2:1, used for energy and structural purposes. (Page XX)
  10. 24. Molecule: A molecule containing carbon-hydrogen bonds, typically found in living organisms. (Page XX)
  11. 25. Bond: A type of chemical bond where atoms share pairs of electrons. (Page XX)
  12. 27. The substances produced as a result of a chemical reaction. (Page XX)
  13. 28. Reaction: A process in which substances (reactants) are transformed into different substances (products). (Page XX)
  14. 29. An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons. (Page XX)
  15. 30. The starting materials in a chemical reaction. (Page XX)
  16. 31. A substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution. (Page XX)
  17. 32. Molecule: Molecules that do not primarily consist of carbon-hydrogen bonds. (Page XX)
  18. 36. A macromolecule made up of amino acids, crucial for structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs. (Page XX)
  19. 37. Bond: A weak bond between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen. (Page XX)
  20. 38. Site: The region on an enzyme where the substrate binds and the reaction takes place. (Page XX)
  21. 40. Reaction: A chemical reaction involving the transfer of electrons between substances. (Page XX)
  22. 41. A carbohydrate composed of multiple monosaccharide units, such as starch and glycogen. (Page XX)
  23. 44. An ionic compound formed from the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base. (Page XX)
  24. 46. A substance that reduces the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) or increases hydroxide ions (OH-) in a solution. (Page XX)
  25. 48. Reaction: A chemical reaction in which two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, with the loss of a smaller molecule, often water. (Page XX)
Down
  1. 1. Bond: The force that holds atoms together in a molecule. (Page XX)
  2. 2. A type of lipid characterized by a four-ring structure, including hormones like cholesterol and testosterone. (Page XX)
  3. 3. The building block of nucleic acids, composed of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. (Page XX)
  4. 6. (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): The molecule that carries genetic information used for the growth, development, and functioning of all living organisms. (Page XX)
  5. 7. Complex: The intermediate state formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate. (Page XX)
  6. 9. A pure substance consisting entirely of one type of atom. (Page XX)
  7. 13. A scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. (Page XX)
  8. 14. A solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of an acid or base are added. (Page XX)
  9. 15. Molecule: A molecule with no net dipole moment, where electrons are shared equally or nearly equally. (Page XX)
  10. 17. A positively charged ion formed by losing one or more electrons. (Page XX)
  11. 18. Variants of a particular chemical element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. (Page XX)
  12. 20. Reaction: A type of chemical reaction where two or more reactants combine to form a single product. (Page XX)
  13. 22. Reaction: A type of chemical reaction where a single compound breaks down into two or more products. (Page XX)
  14. 23. A negatively charged ion formed by gaining one or more electrons. (Page XX)
  15. 26. A carbohydrate consisting of two monosaccharide units linked together, such as sucrose and lactose. (Page XX)
  16. 27. Molecule: A molecule with a net dipole moment due to the presence of polar bonds. (Page XX)
  17. 33. Acid: The basic building block of proteins, containing an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a variable side chain. (Page XX)
  18. 34. A biological catalyst that accelerates chemical reactions in living organisms. (Page XX)
  19. 35. A type of lipid consisting of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids. (Page XX)
  20. 39. A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound. (Page XX)
  21. 41. Bond: The covalent bond formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another during protein synthesis. (Page XX)
  22. 42. A group of hydrophobic organic molecules, including fats, oils, and steroids, that function in long-term energy storage and cellular structure. (Page XX)
  23. 43. Energy: The minimum energy required to initiate a chemical reaction. (Page XX)
  24. 45. Bond: A type of chemical bond formed through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. (Page XX)
  25. 47. Acid: A hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end, which can be saturated or unsaturated. (Page XX)