Across
- 3. Increases in learning as a consequence of past interactions with the criminal justice system.
- 5. The examination, testing, and interpretation of the physical evidence. In this stage, all physical evidence is examined to assess its relevance and determine it's overall nature and quality.
- 6. The first stage involves collecting all available information about the crime (or profiling inputs), including physical evidence, photographs of the crime scene, autopsy reports and pictures, crime scene photos, complete background information on the victim, and police reports.
- 9. Offender profiling is an investigative tool that aid the identification, apprehension and conviction of an unknown offender by providing the police with a description of the likely social (employment, marital status) and mental characteristics (level of education, motivation) of the offender.
- 12. Stereotypes are the outcome of both social and individual cognitive processes. In the line of police work, stereotypes can have serious implications.
- 13. Using the information and evidence collected, profilers explore how the crime unfolded, looking particularly at the potential sequence of events (e.g. does the evidence indicate stalking?), how the victim may have responded to the offender (e.g. does the evidence suggest a struggle?) and the style/operating mode (modus operandi) of the offender.
- 18. Category of offenders characterised by being psychotic, disorganised and did not plan the crime, low intelligence and poor personal hygiene, etc. And their crime scenes are categorised by being spontaneous, the depersonalisation of the victim, the body wasn't hidden, and the weapon being found at the scene, etc.
- 21. The Peelian principles summarize the ideas that Sir Robert Peel developed to define an ethical police force
- 22. Use tasks similar to tasks that are likely to be done by officers in the job. As you might guess, these tests are designed to predict performance on the job.
- 23. Examines all aspects of the victim, including lifestyle, hobbies, habits, friends, enemies and demographic features.
- 24. This final stage is where the profilers formulate initial descriptions or hypotheses about the most likely suspects.
Down
- 1. This type of profile emerges from a comparison of previous crimes to the current crime, which the profiler uses to develop an idea of what the offender maybe like when found.
- 2. The aim is to provide law enforcement with an impression of the most likely offender. This can include a range of details including demographic information, ethnicity, relationships, potential motivation of behaviour, their history and even where they may live.
- 4. Examining the nature of the crime and how it unfolded to see if it can be classified somehow. This works with the idea that these characteristics can provide an insight into the type of crime being dealt with.
- 7. Characteristics that have been defined as common for police officers are attributes such as courage, authoritarianism, cynicism, and aggression (Lefkowitz, 1975)
- 8. Focuses on using more empirically based approaches. Additionally, to expand knowledge, investigative psychology focuses more on research, developing more rigorous methods and larger sample sizes relative to the FBI process.
- 10. Explores the relationship between the offender's psychological factors and the crime geography.
- 11. Psychological tests have generally been shown to have good reliability (this can vary according to the test) and can be used to measure a range of psychological factors that might relate to the tasks of a police officer (e.g. intelligence tests such as verbal reasoning, spatial ability)
- 14. Community policing is seen as a way to improve engagement between police and CALD communities and evaluations of community policing (while limited in number) have shown that a focus on improving the perceived legitimacy of police practices may be one of the more effective long-term crime prevention strategies (Sherman & Eck 2006)
- 15. Category of offenders characterised by being psychopathic, organised and planned the crime, charming and intelligent and/or socially and sexually adept, etc. And their crime scenes are categorised by being controlled, the use of restraints, the body was hidden, and the weapon not being found at the scene, etc.
- 16. This method does not compare a crime to others. Instead, this approach examines the current crime in-depth, working with available evidence, and uses this evidence to describe the offender and what they were like at the time of the crime.
- 17. The idea that an offender will operate in similar ways during their offences. However, there is some room for change and adaptation of the offender based on previous offences.
- 19. Widely used despite evidence that indicates personal interviews are subject to distortion, low reliability and questionable validity. Personal interviews can be used for orienting candidates to the next stages of evaluation rather than predicting subsequent performance.
- 20. This second stage involves integrating the various information collected in the previous stage and looking for patterns that allow the scene to be classified; this may involve determining if the crime scene is organised or disorganised.