Across
- 2. left England around 410 and left behind temples, waterworks, roads, and some words
- 3. a reference to another text (Grendel came from Cain- from the Bible)
- 6. spoken from around 1100-1500 (Chaucer’s language)
- 10. the language of the church; was written down
- 12. the language of Beowulf; started around 450 with the Germanic tribes that invaded England
- 13. French gained speed as THE language until English took over after this war
- 14. were on the British Isles before the Romans conquered in 43 A.D.; Celtics
- 15. Hoo the ancient ship burial site in England where Anglo-Saxon era treasures were found
- 18. the earliest ancestral form of English; our language “grandmother”
- 19. a famous Celtic leader
- 20. the conqueror who invaded England in 1066 and brought French from Normandy
- 21. the king who defended England from the Vikings and had works translated into English
- 22. spoken by Shakespeare; 1500-present
Down
- 1. what you would have to pay as compensation if you killed/injured someone in A-S life
- 3. the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words
- 4. A descriptive compound word used in Beowulf
- 5. a bond of loyalty that a thane would show his lord
- 7. a singing storyteller also known as a bard
- 8. famous Latin writer who gave English its first national history (The Ecclesiastical History..)
- 9. the language the Vikings brought with them to England
- 11. the Old English word for “fate” *God determined this, but in mythology the 3 Norns/Fates
- 13. an instrument that would accompany a singing storyteller
- 16. the number of primary stresses each line of Beowulf contains
- 17. a fictional character who was a Geat who left Sweden to defend Hrothgar from Grendel
- 19. one of the names from which England was named (after one of the Germanic tribes)