Across
- 2. This stage of readiness can be activated by Interferon gamma (or IFN-g); in this stage, macrophages are reasonably good killers against pathogens.
- 5. The MHC molecules that inform helper T cells that there are problems outside a cell (the answer is two words).
- 6. This stage of readiness of macrophages is induced by LPS or mannose from pathogens.
- 8. This type of interferon's responsibility is to interfere with viral replication (the answer is two words).
- 10. The type of T cell that is a potent weapon that can destroy virus-infected cells directly.
- 11. The type of T cell that secrete chemical messages among immune cells to coordinate the immune response across the immune system.
- 15. Solves the problem of "how does the immune system know which B cells to make more of?"(the answer is two words).
- 18. This part of an antibody determines the class of immune system cells that it binds to and determines its function. This is also the "tail" of the antibody (the answer is two words).
- 19. This is only expressed after neutrophils bind to selectin.
- 20. The process of macrophages engulfing and ingesting larger bacterium.
- 23. These cells have the unique capability of self-renewal (the answer is two words).
- 28. These are designed to recognize "danger signals" from microbial attacks(the answer is three words).
- 29. The producers of antibodies (the answer is one letter followed by one word).
Down
- 1. This type of pathway is characterized by its spontaneous nature and follow no clear pattern.
- 3. The first line of defense in the immune system; acts like a barrier against pathogens (includes mucus and skin) (the answer is two words).
- 4. This occurs when the product of a reaction leads to an increase in the reaction, which makes a system move further away frim equilibrium (the answer is three words).
- 7. The portion of an antibody that binds to an antigen. This is also the "hands" of the antibody (the answer is two words).
- 9. In this stage of readiness, macrophages mostly do nothing but proliferate and serve as "garbage collectors" to dead cells.
- 12. The type of T cell that helps restrain the immune system so it does not overreact.
- 13. The MHC molecules that alert killer T cells when something is not right inside a cell (the answer is two words).
- 14. If macrophages get overwhelmed by an infectious agents, they first recruit this kind of cell to help.
- 16. Integrin on the surface of a neutrophil binds to this protein on the endothelial cells of blood vessels to stop a neutrophil from moving.
- 17. This compound is found on the surface of cells of a broad array of pathogens but not the cells of humans.
- 21. When the C3 complement protein is split, this will happen to the C3b fragment by a water molecule if it does not immediately run into a suitable chemical signal.
- 22. This system builds membrane destroy invaders by building attack complexes, tag invaders for destruction by phagocytosis, and alert/direct cells to fight foreign material (the answer is two words).
- 24. This is only expressed when IL-1 and TNF signal an invasion nearby
- 25. These type of cells make the decision to destroy or not destroy a particular infected cell through activating and inhibitory receptors (the answer is two words).
- 26. Proteins that are secreted by immune cells to communicate with other cells.
- 27. This type of pathway is much more strategic than other pathways because it is targeted by mannose-binding lectins.