Across
- 4. The point inside Earth where an earthquake starts.
- 5. How a mineral reflects light.
- 7. The unit used to measure force.
- 9. A broken path where electricity cannot flow.
- 10. Heat transfer through direct contact.
- 12. The ability to do work or cause change.
- 15. Heat transfer through moving liquids or gases.
- 17. All objects with mass attract each other.
- 18. A change in speed or direction over time.
- 21. Friction that keeps an object from starting to move.
- 22. A tool that measures earthquakes.
- 24. Sudden shaking of Earth’s crust.
- 26. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
- 28. All the solid parts of Earth.
- 32. Speed with direction.
- 37. Force equals mass times acceleration (F = ma).
- 38. cycle The process that changes rocks from one type to another.
- 39. The process of crystals forming.
- 41. A crack in Earth’s crust where movement occurs.
- 44. The tendency of an object to stay at rest or keep moving unless acted on by a force.
- 45. Changing shape of rocks under stress.
- 47. Earth’s thin outer layer.
- 48. Melted rock below Earth’s surface.
- 49. A solid with a repeating pattern of atoms.
- 50. A galaxy shaped like a spinning pinwheel.
- 52. How a mineral breaks in flat surfaces.
- 53. A material that allows electricity to flow easily.
- 58. The color of a mineral’s powder.
- 59. Rock changed by heat and pressure.
- 60. How fast something moves (distance ÷ time).
- 64. A closed loop that allows electricity to flow.
- 66. A measure of how hot or cold something is.
- 68. Plates move apart.
- 70. Movement of Earth’s plates.
- 73. Processes related to volcanoes.
- 74. Rock formed from cooled magma or lava.
- 75. A path that electricity flows through.
- 76. The amount of matter in an object.
- 77. force of gravity acting on an object.
Down
- 1. Rock formed from layers of sediment pressed together.
- 2. A soft layer of the mantle that can flow slowly.
- 3. Friction in liquids or gases.
- 6. Heat transfer through waves (no contact needed).
- 8. Friction when two surfaces slide past each other.
- 11. boundary Plates slide past each other.
- 13. A place where magma rises through the crust.
- 14. Earth’s crust and upper mantle.
- 16. Magma that reaches Earth’s surface.
- 19. Breaking down rocks into smaller pieces.
- 20. A large group of stars, gas, and dust.
- 23. A material that blocks or slows electricity.
- 25. Where two tectonic plates meet.
- 27. The point on the surface above the focus.
- 29. The flow of electric charge.
- 30. How resistant a mineral is to scratching.
- 31. A naturally occurring, non-living solid with a crystal structure.
- 33. A mineral made mostly of silicon and oxygen.
- 34. Fast-moving hot gas and ash from a volcano.
- 35. Thermal energy moving from warmer to cooler objects.
- 36. A force that pulls objects toward each other.
- 40. Energy from the movement of particles in matter.
- 42. The layer between Earth’s crust and core.
- 43. How a mineral breaks unevenly.
- 46. Objects stay still or keep moving unless a force changes them.
- 51. A force that slows motion when surfaces rub together.
- 54. How much mass is in a certain space.
- 55. The magnetic field that protects Earth from solar particles.
- 56. Plates move toward each other.
- 57. Bang Theory The idea that the universe began with a huge expansion.
- 61. A place or object used to compare movement.
- 62. Friction when something rolls over a surface.
- 63. A rock that contains valuable minerals.
- 65. The very center of Earth.
- 67. Everything that exists in space and time.
- 69. Movement of rock and soil by water, wind, or ice.
- 71. A round, 3D shape.
- 72. A solid mixture of minerals.