Across
- 4. these defenses are apart of innate immunity; these defenses are less specific and include macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells
- 7. ____ is the ingestion and breakdown of foreign substances including bacteria
- 9. all animals have this immunity; it is a generalized defense that is active immediately upon infection
- 10. ___ is a systemic inflammatory response triggered by substances released by macrophages
- 15. insects rely on their ___ as a physical barrier against infection; this is composed on chitlin, a polysaccharide
- 16. ___ recognizes bacterial flagella
- 17. in the digestive system, the enzyme ____ breaks down bacterial cell walls, protecting against ingested pathogens
Down
- 1. agents that have potential to cause disease; infect a wide range of animals, including humans; include some bacteria and viruses
- 2. these defenses are apart of innate immunity; these defenses include skin, epithelial membranes, secretions
- 3. found on potential pathogens; a small set of receptor proteins bind molecules or structures common to viruses, bacteria, or other microbes
- 4. ____ provide innate defense, interfering with viruses and helping activate macrophages
- 5. ____ recognizes viral RNA
- 6. only vertebrates have this immunity; a very organism-specific, memory-based defense
- 8. ___ recognizes LPS
- 11. found on innate immune cells; a small set of receptor proteins bind molecules or structures common to viruses, bacteria, or other microbes
- 12. _____ system consists of about 30 proteins that are activated by substances on microbe surfaces
- 13. _____ shock is a life threatening condition caused by an overwhelming inflammatory response; still has almost a 40% mortality rate
- 14. ____ circulate within hemolymph and carry out phagocytosis; there is NO blood; they release antimicrobial peptides that disrupt the plasma membranes of fungi and bacteria