Across
- 2. Disease caused by a toxin that prevents muscle relaxation
- 5. Molecule that scavenges iron for bacterial growth
- 9. Slimy outer layer that helps bacteria resist phagocytosis
- 14. All genetic material of microbes in a community
- 15. Number of microbes needed to infect 50% of exposed individuals
- 18. Protein made by B cells that binds antigens
- 20. Slower, learned immune response with memory
- 22. Feature of a healthy microbiome that makes it stable and resilient
- 27. Common foodborne pathogen that can survive inside phagocytes
- 28. Idea that reduced microbe exposure increases allergies
- 29. Severe diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae toxin
- 30. Innate receptor that recognizes common microbial patterns
- 31. Toxin with an active part and a binding part
- 34. Key antigen-presenting cell that activates T cells
- 36. Treatment that introduces healthy gut microbes to restore balance
- 39. Immune cell that engulfs and destroys microbes
- 41. Strategy where microbes change their surface proteins to evade immunity
- 42. Foreign molecule that triggers an immune response
- 43. Theory that humans need exposure to beneficial ancestral microbes
- 44. Long-lived cells that allow a rapid response upon re-exposure
Down
- 1. Dietary fibers that feed beneficial microbes
- 3. Animals raised without microbes that develop weak immune systems
- 4. Molecule on all nucleated cells showing internal antigens
- 6. Immune cell that activates B cells and coordinates immunity
- 7. Walled-off pocket where bacteria can hide from the immune system
- 8. Live microbes in foods that may benefit gut health
- 10. Molecule on antigen-presenting cells that activates helper T cells
- 11. Toxin that causes massive water loss from intestinal cells
- 12. Community of microbes attached to surfaces like teeth or skin
- 13. Immune cell that kills virus-infected or abnormal cells
- 16. Most common white blood cell; fast-acting phagocyte
- 17. The severity of disease a microbe can cause
- 19. First line of defense preventing pathogen entry
- 21. Hair-like structures bacteria use to attach to host cells
- 23. Foodborne bacterium with a very low infectious dose
- 24. LPS from Gram-negative bacteria that triggers fever and inflammation
- 25. Exposure to antigens that prepare the immune system for future infection
- 26. Microbes living in or on the human body
- 32. Fast, nonspecific immune defenses you are born with
- 33. Gene used as a barcode to identify bacterial species
- 35. Study of all microbial DNA directly from an environmental sample
- 37. Secreted protein toxin that damages host cells
- 38. Disease caused by a toxin that prevents muscle contraction
- 40. Infection caused when antibiotics reduce gut microbial diversity