Across
- 4. process in which organisms convert energy for their use in the absence of oxygen
- 6. process in which organisms convert energy in the presence of oxygen
- 8. combination of an acetyl group derived from pyruvic acid and coenzyme A, which is made from pantothenic acid (a B-group vitamin)
- 12. production of ATP from ADP using the excess energy from a chemical reaction and a phosphate group from a reactant
- 13. process that does not use oxygen
- 14. (also citric acid cycle) alternate name for the citric acid cycle, named after the group name for citric acid, tricarboxylic acid (TCA); see citric acid cycle
- 16. Krebs cycle) series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions of central importance in all living cells for extraction of energy from carbohydrates
- 17. removal of a phosphate group from a molecule
- 18. soluble electron transporter in the electron transport chain that connects the first or second complex to the third
Down
- 1. chemical reaction that consists of the coupling of an oxidation reaction and a reduction reaction
- 2. enzyme that converts a molecule into its isomer
- 3. process in which there is a production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cellular metabolism by the involvement of a proton gradient across a membrane
- 5. addition of a high-energy phosphate to a compound, usually a metabolic intermediate, a protein, or ADP
- 7. F1F0 ATP synthase) membrane-embedded protein complex that adds a phosphate to ADP with energy from protons diffusing through it
- 9. process of regenerating NAD+ with either an inorganic or organic compound serving as the final electron acceptor; occurs in the absence of oxygen
- 10. three-carbon sugar that can be decarboxylated and oxidized to make acetyl CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle under aerobic conditions; the end product of glycolysis
- 11. (also prosthetic cofactor) molecule bound to a protein that facilitates the function of the protein
- 15. process of breaking glucose into two three-carbon molecules with the production of ATP and NADH