Bio. Ch. 9 Adv. Genetics

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Across
  1. 4. the sum of all the alleles possessed by all the individuals in a population of organisms
  2. 6. an organism containing genes that have been introduced from a different kind of organism
  3. 9. the sum of all the alleles possessed by all the individuals in a population of organisms
  4. 11. a substance that increases the risk of cancer
  5. 12. an organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques
  6. 13. a technique used to identify an individual that is based on sequences in his DNA
  7. 15. a laboratory process used to quickly generate many copies of a piece of DNA for medical or research purposes
  8. 17. the failure of homologous chromosomes or chromatids to separate properly during meiosis
  9. 18. the condition of having three or more complete sets of chromosomes
  10. 20. the use of genetic engineering to treat genetic disorders or diseases
  11. 22. a physical or chemical agent that can change the genetic material of an organism
  12. 24. the process of determining the order of nucleotides in an organism's DNA
  13. 25. a mutation that deletes or adds a nucleotide base to a DNA sequence, causing a shift in the reading of the sequence during transcription
  14. 27. a measurement of how often an allele occurs in a population of organisms
Down
  1. 1. an abnormal group of cells
  2. 2. the process of manipulating an organism's genes by methods other than natural reproduction
  3. 3. an unrestrained growth of abnormal cells with the potential to spread to other parts of the body
  4. 5. the loss of genetic variation that results when a new population of organisms is established by a small number of individuals from a large population
  5. 7. a change in allele frequency due to random events, usually within a small population
  6. 8. a mutation that changes a single nucleotide base in a DNA sequence
  7. 10. a small, circular piece of DNA distinct from chromosomal and usually found in bacteria
  8. 12. the full set of genetic information coded in an organism's DNA
  9. 14. the range of genotypic differences possible between individuals in the same gene pool
  10. 16. DNA molecules produced in a laboratory by combining sequences of DNA from different sources, yielding a new sequence not normally found in any genome
  11. 19. an enzyme used to cut DNA into pieces at specific places in the DNA sequence
  12. 21. the term used to describe the situation in which the allele frequency in a population is drastically altered due to a sharp reduction in the size of the population
  13. 23. the condition of having a stable allele frequency, usual only in large populations
  14. 26. the repetetive nucleotide sequence that serves as a protective cap at the end of a chromosome