Across
- 5. process in which cells use carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to make oxygen and glucose, an energy-storing sugar
- 8. a protein that acts as a biological catalyst, increasing the rate of a biochemical reaction
- 12. series of electron-transport molecules that pass high-energy electrons from molecule to molecule and capture their energy
- 13. type of cellular respiration that requires oxygen
- 16. an electrochemical gradient across the thylakoid membrane and the inner membrane of the mitochondrion; due to concentration differences of both positive charges and hydrogen ions
- 17. first stage of cellular respiration in which glucose is split in the absence of oxygen to form two molecules of pyruvate and a net total of two ATP
Down
- 1. transport protein that spans (crosses) a cell membrane; forms an open channel or passageway (pore); allows water molecules or small ions to diffuse through the membrane
- 2. simple sugar that all living things use to store and transport energy
- 3. an ion channel and enzyme that uses the energy of hydrogen ions to chemically bond a phosphate group to ADP, producing ATP
- 4. organelle in eukaryotic cells that uses energy stored in glucose to make ATP, which cells can use for energy
- 6. relating to any organism or process that does not require oxygen
- 7. short-term energy carrier; temporarily stores energy during cellular respiration
- 9. material inside the cell membrane, including the watery cytosol and other cell structures except the nucleus if one is present
- 10. an atom or group of bonded atoms that has a positive or negative charge
- 11. the ability to do work
- 14. second stage of cellular respiration in which two pyruvate molecules from the first stage react to form ATP, NADH, and FADH2 in the presence of oxygen
- 15. energy-carrying molecule that cells use to power their metabolic processes; provides the cell with an immediate usable form of energy