Across
- 5. type of plastid located in roots and non-photosynthetic tissues of plants; may make molecules such as fatty acids and many amino acids or may become specialized for bulk storage of starch, lipid, or protein.
- 7. group of specialized cells of the same kind that perform the same function.
- 8. complex carbohydrate that is a polymer of glucose and that makes up the cell wall of plants.
- 13. tough, hydrophobic carbohydrate molecule that stiffens and waterproofs vascular tissues of plants.
- 14. membrane in a chloroplast where the light reactions of photosynthesis occur.
- 15. water-insoluble organic compound that organisms use to store energy such as fats and oils.
- 21. fluid-filled space inside a chloroplast where the second stage of photosynthesis (Calvin cycle) occurs.
- 22. Membrane that surrounds the central vacuole and has proteins that control the flow of water into and out of the vacuole.
- 23. the ability to do work.
- 26. organism that has cells containing a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
- 27. structure within the cytoplasm of a cell that is enclosed within a membrane and performs a specific job.
- 29. flattened sac of membrane inside a chloroplast where the first stage of photosynthesis (light reactions) occurs.
- 30. large sac-like organelle in plant cells that stores substances such as water and helps keep plant tissues rigid.
- 32. any substance in food that the body needs.
- 33. single-celled prokaryotic organism that is a member of the Bacteria domain.
- 34. rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane in plants, fungi, and bacteria that helps support and protect the cell.
- 35. a complex carbohydrate polymer formed from the linkage of many monosaccharide monomers.
Down
- 1. group of closely related membrane-bound organelles that carry out many functions; they are responsible for photosynthesis, for the storage of products such as starch, and for the synthesis of many types of molecules that are needed as cellular building blocks.
- 2. process in which cells use carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to make oxygen and glucose, an energy-storing sugar
- 3. thin coat of phospholipids that surrounds a cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell.
- 4. maintain turgor pressure against the cell wall
- 6. green pigment in a chloroplast that absorbs light energy during the light reactions of photosynthesis.
- 8. basic unit of structure and function of living things.
- 9. large, complex carbohydrate found in foods such as grains and vegetables that the body uses for energy.
- 10. organic compound made up of amino acids.
- 11. largest component of the cytoskeleton; hollow protein cylinder made of alpha and beta tubulin.
- 12. structure found in all cells that is the site of protein synthesis.
- 16. type of plastid that makes and stores other pigments.
- 17. organelle in the cells of plants and algae, that contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis.
- 18. multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryote with specialized cells that lack cell walls; member of the animal kingdom.
- 19. double-stranded nucleic acid that stores genetic information; also known as deoxyribonucleic acid.
- 20. within the chloroplast, consists of sac-like membranes, known as thylakoid membranes.
- 24. watery substance that makes up cytoplasm, and contains other cell structures such as ribosomes.
- 25. an atom or group of bonded atoms that has a positive or negative charge.
- 28. Most mature plant cells have a __________________ that occupies more than 30% of the cell's volume
- 31. a protein that acts as a biological catalyst, increasing the rate of a biochemical reaction.