Bio Exam 2

3. Solution with the lower concentration of water (more stuff dissolved in it)
4. Solution with a higher concentration of water (less solute dissolved)
5. Transmits a signal that is a result of the ligand binding to the receptor
6. Occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotes or in the plasma membrane of prokaryotes
9. The cell takes up large molecules within vesicles formed around them at the plasma membrane
12. External materials bind to an extracellular receptor protein
13. occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, only if O2 is present, and turns the pyruvic acid into acetyl CoA and produces Co2
14. The immediate source of energy that powers cellular work
18. The loss of electrons from a reactant, can be considered a loss of oxygen by glucose
20. Happen without an energy input (ie osmosis)
22. Diffusion of water across a cell membrane
23. Large molecules within vesicles dissolve into the plasma membrane and are secreted to the outside cell
24. Cells gulp droplets of fluid or water within a vesicle
25. Energy associated with the relative motion of objects

1. The gain of electrons by reactant, often in the form of a hydrogen atom bound to the electron
2. Need energy input to occur (ie active transport)
7. A reaction that releases free energy, spontaneous reactions
8. What helps the membrane resist changes in fluidity when temps change
10. found in the mitochondrial membrane, NAD+ and FAD get regenerated, heat is released, O2 converted into h2o, and make the most ATP here
11. Cells engulf a particle or organism within a vesicle
15. A reaction that absorbs free energy, nonspontaneous
16. What is the sum of Catabolic reactions and Anabolic reactions
17. Converts 1 glucose molecules into 2 pyruvic acids, happens in the cytoplasm
19. The target cell's of the signaling molecule coming from outside the cell
21. How the cell ultimately acts due to the signal binding and can be almost any imaginable cellular activity