Bio Exam 2 (Kseniia Demina)

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Across
  1. 2. creating complex molecules from simples ones, needs and uses ATP
  2. 5. has short carbohydrate chain, aids in cell-cell recognition
  3. 10. occurs in cytoplasm, 1 glucose (C6) turns into 2 pyruvic acid (C3 each), produced a little ATP, and NADH
  4. 12. cannot dissolve in membrane, needs help from transport protein (ions, glucose, H20)
  5. 15. needs ATP to move molecules from lower to higher concentration (sodium potassium pump, more K inside, less Na inside)
  6. 16. 1st stage of cell signaling, signaling molecule (ligand) binds to receptor protein, specific, lock and key, may need change in receptor shape (conformation), usually transmembrane protein on inside (G protein coupled receptors, hormones (testosterone))
  7. 19. diffusion of H2O across membranes
  8. 20. breakdown of complex molecules to compounds, releases energy (ATP)
  9. 21. does not need mitochondria, O2 or ETC, produces CO2, ethanol in plants and lactic acid in animals
  10. 22. absorbs free energy, nonspontaneous
  11. 23. releases free energy, spontaneous
  12. 24. has nitrogenous base, sugar, and phosphate groups
Down
  1. 1. occurs in stroma, produces ADP, NADP, glucose
  2. 3. in transduction, removes phosphate group from protein (dephosphorylate) to turn "off" pathway
  3. 4. in transduction, transfers phosphate groups from ATP to protein to turn pathway "on"
  4. 6. "eats" particles through vesicle formation (eats bacteria)
  5. 7. "drinks" particles through vesicle formation
  6. 8. part of passive transport, helps transport ions, no ATP
  7. 9. helps membrane resist changes in fluidity when temperature increased or decreases, inside membrane
  8. 11. 1st step of photosynthesis, happens in thylakoid of chloroplast, chlorophyl in thylakoid collects light, creates O2, ATP, NADPH (all used in second step
  9. 13. the citric acid cycle, 2nd step in aerobic cellular respiration, in mitochondria matrix, produces 2 acetyl CoA, a little ATP, CO2, NADH, FADH2
  10. 14. easily dissolves in bilipid membrane (CO2, O2, hydrocarbons)
  11. 17. does not need ATP for transport, diffusion
  12. 18. transport protein that helps transport H2O
  13. 23. electron transport chain, in mitochondrial inner membrane, electrons create gradient, produces a lot of ATP, H2O, FAD, NAD+