Biochem Ch.21 Review

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Across
  1. 3. Activation of this enzyme increases cholesterol esterification for storage
  2. 4. Glucagon, epinephrine result in this HMG-CoA Reductase modification that decreases activity
  3. 7. Produced from enzymatic conversion of LDL and VLDL cholesterol to cholesteryl ester
  4. 9. Lipoprotein that contains TAG and cholesteryl esters in highconcentrations
  5. 14. LDL causes myocytes and adipocytes to take up this via receptor-mediated endocytosis
  6. 15. _____ catalyzes synthesis of prostaglandins that mediate pain, inflammation, and fever.
  7. 16. Most cholesterol is synthesized here
  8. 17. Activates Acetyl CoA carboxylase
  9. 18. Carbon chains of fatty acids are elongated ___ carbons at a time (each round)
  10. 20. Initial step of fatty acid synthesis begins chain with this many carbons
  11. 24. Hormone-like lipid compounds produced for local cell communication (esp. pain and inflammatory responses)
  12. 25. HDL is unique because it takes cholesterol from the ____ and returns to liver
  13. 26. ____ results in stimulation of triacylglycerol synthesis
  14. 27. VLDL synthesided from this organ
  15. 28. Cholesterol product stored in the gall bladder (used to emulsify fats)
  16. 29. Glucagon, Epinephrine, Palmitoyl-CoA ____ Acetyl CoA carboxylase
  17. 32. Progesterones, Cortisol, and Testosterone are this type of hormone derived from cholesterol
  18. 33. ___ is formed from Acetyl-CoA and Bicarbonate
  19. 34. Chylomicron ___ are transported to the live for breakdown
  20. 36. Number of NADPH needed to produce palmitate (16:0)
  21. 37. Chylomicrons release these (derived from dietary source) for fuel in adipose tissue, heart, and skeletal muscle
Down
  1. 1. Least dense of the lipoproteins (contains most TAGs)
  2. 2. More non-polar form of cholesterol
  3. 3. Catalyzes rate-limiting step of fatty acid synthesis (malonylCoA synthesis)
  4. 5. When AMP levels ____ AMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylates HMG-CoA Reductase
  5. 6. Covalent modification provides _____ regulation of HMG-CoA Reductase
  6. 8. Metabolic precursor to triacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid synthesis
  7. 10. Produced by removal of TAGs from VLDL, is enriched in cholesterol/chloesteryl esters
  8. 11. ____ catalyzes synthesis of prostaglandins that regulate gastric mucin secretion
  9. 12. Number of acetyl-CoA units (also ATP and CO2) to form palmitate (16:0)
  10. 13. Location of fatty acid synthesis
  11. 18. Cost of acetyl-CoA transport into cytosol is ___ ATP
  12. 19. IPP and DMAPP are examples of activated ____ that condense (6 units total) to form cholesterol
  13. 21. The nucleoside diphosphate required for phospholipid production
  14. 22. This type of regulation of the LDL receptor regulates cholesterol transport
  15. 23. Enzyme that removes phosphate from phosphatidic acid to form triacylglycerol
  16. 27. Transcriptional control provides _____ regulation of HMG-CoA Reductase
  17. 30. The committed step in cholesterol biosynthesis
  18. 31. Chylomicrons synthesized from this organ
  19. 35. Number of water molecules produced from forming palmitate (16:0)