Biochemistry Ch. 18-20

1. A high-energy thioester intermediate in the citric acid cycle.
3. A four-carbon compound formed by the hydration of fumarate in the citric acid cycle.
4. A type of enzyme that catalyzes the removal of hydrogen atoms from a substrate.
6. A reduced coenzyme produced in the citric acid cycle that donates electrons to the electron transport chain.
8. A six-carbon compound formed in the citric acid cycle from citrate.
9. The addition of a phosphate group to a molecule, often regulating the activity of enzymes.
11. An intermediate in the citric acid cycle formed by the oxidation of succinate.
13. A reduced coenzyme that carries electrons to the electron transport chain.
15. Pertaining to the process involving the transfer of electrons, often associated with the production of ATP.
16. The enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of citrate to isocitrate.
17. The end product of glycolysis, which is converted into acetyl-CoA before entering the citric acid cycle.
18. A nucleotide triphosphate produced in the citric acid cycle that can be converted to ATP.
19. The first six-carbon compound formed in the citric acid cycle.

2. A non-protein compound that is necessary for the functioning of an enzyme.
3. The organelles where the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation occur.
5. A central metabolite that conveys carbon atoms within the cell for energy production and biosynthesis.
7. A five-carbon intermediate in the citric acid cycle formed from isocitrate.
10. A four-carbon intermediate in the citric acid cycle formed from succinyl-CoA.
12. A four-carbon molecule that condenses with acetyl-CoA to form citrate in the citric acid cycle.
14. The type of acid that initiates the tricarboxylic acid cycle by combining with oxaloacetate.