Bioenergetics Medical Biochemistry II 2021

Edit Answers
12345678910111213141516171819202122
Across
  1. 3. The process of metabolism that leads to the breakdown of macromolecules in order to make chemical energy.
  2. 4. This molecule is an important acyl carrier and carries to carbon-units into metabolic pathways or for synthesis of fatty acids.
  3. 6. This molecule can facilitate single electron transfers in biological reactions.
  4. 9. This type of molecule is electron-rich and will attack positively charged centers en route to creating new chemical bonds.
  5. 10. The first law of thermodynamics describes the _________ of energy.
  6. 12. This cation is used to help screen the negative charges on ATP/ADP to facilitate hydrolysis.
  7. 14. This molecule is a very common phosphate donor
  8. 17. Energy in living systems is usually released and transferred in the form of ______ energy.
  9. 20. Chemical reactions are more favorable and proceed in the forward direction if the the products are _____ such as via resonance or solvation.
  10. 21. This molecule has the highest oxidation state for carbon.
  11. 22. Hydrolysis of this molecule releases more energy than hydrolysis of ATP because of a high energy reactant, product stabilization, and tautomerization (use abbreviation).
Down
  1. 1. Standard free energy changes are ______.
  2. 2. This type of cleavage is more rare and involves the formation of radicals when a chemical bond has the electrons split equally
  3. 5. The process of metabolism that leads to the synthesis of macromolecules.
  4. 7. This type of molecule is positively-charge or electron deficient and is susceptible to attack via nucleophiles en route to creating new chemical bonds.
  5. 8. Free energy changes in the biochemical cell are dependent on the ______ of the reactant and products.
  6. 11. This molecule is an important reactant/cofactor in biological oxidation/reduction reactions (use abbreviation).
  7. 13. This reaction type does not have a change in oxidation state and typically has much smaller free-energy changes.
  8. 15. This type of chemical reaction occurs when a molecule loses electrons
  9. 16. This molecule is used in hydrolysis reactions to generate new products, which tend to be strongly favorable.
  10. 18. This thermodynamic variable is described by the second law of thermodynamics; the universe tends to always be increasing in disorder.
  11. 19. This sign of deltaG indicates a chemical reaction is spontaneous and will proceed in the forward direction.